House Bill 223 (AS PASSED HOUSE AND SENATE)
By: Representatives Burchett of the 176th, Efstration of the 104th, McDonald III of the 26th,
Hong of the 103rd, Gambill of the 15th, and others
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
To amend Title 48 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to revenue and
taxation, so as to authorize certain local governing authorities to provide temporary tax relief
from ad valorem taxes levied for the harvest or sale of standing timber from eligible timber
property that was severely damaged or destroyed in certain disaster areas; to provide for
conditions and procedures; to provide for the establishment of a certification form; to provide
for audits; to provide for grants to such local governing authorities to offset the loss of certain
revenues resulting from certain disaster damage to standing timber and such temporary tax
relief; to provide for an appropriations contingency; to provide for a grant cap; to provide for
the calculation of equalized adjusted property tax digests; to require the establishment of
criteria regarding damage or destruction; to exclude from the calculation of taxable net
income certain disaster relief or assistance grant program payments and crop insurance
proceeds for agricultural losses suffered due to Hurricane Helene; to provide for refundable
income tax credits for certain timber producers based on certain casualty losses related to
Hurricane Helene; to provide for transferability of such credits; to provide for an aggregate
annual cap; to provide for terms and conditions; to provide for credit preapproval; to provide
for legislative findings; to provide for definitions; to provide for a sales and use tax
exemption for a limited period of time for building materials used to repair or replace
greenhouses and real property structures or fixtures used exclusively for the production of
animals; to provide for rules and regulations; to provide for definitions; to provide for related
matters; to provide for a short title and legislative findings and intent; to provide for an
effective date; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA:
PART I
SECTION 1-1.
This part shall be known and may be cited as the "Timberlands Recovery, Exemption, and
Earnings Stability (TREES) Act."
SECTION 1-2.
The General Assembly finds that:
(1) Hurricane Helene has had a catastrophic impact on the citizens and the economy of
many areas in this state, has particularly devastated the timber industry on which the
citizens of southwest Georgia are heavily dependent for their livelihood by reducing or
eliminating the long-held investments in standing timber and timberlands of businesses and
families, and has created both a public fire hazard and a danger of insect infestations due
to the massive amounts of downed timber caused by the severity of this natural disaster;
(2) As of November, 2024, the estimated losses to standing timber caused by Hurricane
Helene as measured by the State Forestry Commission were nearly $1.3 billion;
(3) Timberlands as investments are unique as an agriculture product in this state, as timber
products often take ten years or longer to realize any return on the investment;
(4) Many counties, municipalities, and local school districts rely on the taxes levied at the
time of timber's harvest or sale pursuant to Code Section 48-5-7.5, but with the destruction
of timberlands throughout this state, that tax revenue will likely not be realized; and
(5) It is the intent of the General Assembly to authorize local governing authorities to
provide temporary tax relief from the taxes levied pursuant to Code 48-5-7.5 so that the
timber industry, and the businesses and families that provide timber products to such
industry, will realize a reduced cost for growing new product and recovering from the
devastating effects of Hurricane Helene. These reduced costs will help stabilize the market
and allow for quicker harvesting and recovery of lands where some timber is still
salvageable.
SECTION 1-3.
Title 48 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to revenue and taxation, is
amended by adding a new Code section to read as follows:
<ins>"48-5-33.1.
(a) As used in this Code section, the term:
(1) 'Disaster area' means any county designated for public assistance or individual and
public assistance pursuant to the Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEMA-4830-DR Georgia disaster declaration as of November 4, 2024.
(2) 'Eligible governing authority' means the governing authority of any county,
consolidated government, or municipality or the governing body of any county or
independent board of education that is located in whole or in part in the disaster area.
(3) 'Eligible standing timber' means any timber which is subject to taxation pursuant to
Code Section 48-5-7.5 that is on eligible timber property.
(4) 'Eligible timber property' means any parcel, tract, stand, or other identifiable unit of
property that:
(A) Contains standing timber which would, in the ordinary course of business, be sold
or harvested;
(B) Is timberland property as such term is defined in Code Section 48-5-600;
(C) Is located within the disaster area; and
</ins>
<ins>(D) Was severely damaged or destroyed as a result of the natural disaster.
(5) 'Severely damaged or destroyed' means damaged to the extent which would require
salvage thinning, a salvage operation, or clear-cut of eligible standing timber based on
criteria established by the State Forestry Commission pursuant to subsection (k) of this
Code section.
(b) Pursuant to Article VII, Section I, Paragraph III(h) of the Constitution of Georgia and
in accordance with the provisions of this Code section, an eligible governing authority may
grant temporary tax relief from taxes levied for eligible standing timber pursuant to Code
Section 48-5-7.5 during:
(1) The final quarter of 2024; and
(2) Each quarter of 2025.
(c) To grant the temporary tax relief authorized by subsection (b) of this Code section, an
eligible governing authority shall adopt a resolution or ordinance that:
(1) Declares that its jurisdiction contains eligible timber property;
(2) Consents to grant the tax relief provided under this Code section;
(3) Requires that taxpayers seeking such tax relief submit the certification established
pursuant to subsection (f) of this Code section and that such certification shall be
accepted by the eligible governing authority; and
(4) Waives the levy and collection of payment of taxes otherwise due pursuant to Code
Section 48-5-7.5 for the final quarter of 2024 and during each quarter of 2025.
(d) Upon adoption of the resolution or ordinance provided under subsection (c) of this
Code section, no taxpayer who submits the certification established pursuant to
subsection (f) of this Code section shall be required to pay taxes otherwise levied pursuant
to Code Section 48-5-7.5 for eligible standing timber during the final quarter of 2024 or
during any quarter of 2025.
(e) In the event taxes were levied and paid by a taxpayer pursuant to Code
Section 48-5-7.5 for eligible standing timber during the final quarter of 2024 or during any
</ins>
<ins>quarter of 2025, the eligible governing authority to which such taxes were payable or
collected shall provide that a refund be issued to such taxpayer for the total amount paid
in the same manner as otherwise provided under Code Section 48-5-380. If such taxes
were levied but unpaid, the eligible governing authority to which such taxes are payable
or collected shall waive payment and collection as provided in the resolution or ordinance
adopted pursuant to subsection (c) of this Code section, and shall be provided by the tax
collector or tax commissioner an updated tax bill reflecting that the amount is no longer
due.
(f)(1) A certification form shall be established by the State Forestry Commission in
consultation with the commissioner and Association County Commissioners of Georgia
within ten days of the effective of this Code section. In addition to requiring necessary
identification and location information, such certification shall:
(A) Require such taxpayer to declare that their otherwise taxable property is eligible
standing timber;
(B) Require such taxpayer to declare that they are making a claim for temporary tax
relief for eligible standing timber pursuant to this Code section; and
(C) Allow the taxpayer to attach photographs of their eligible timber property,
verification by a registered forester that the otherwise taxable property is eligible timber
property, or other supporting documentation.
(2) Such certification shall be completed by the taxpayer and shall be submitted to the
eligible governing authority as provided in the resolution or ordinance adopted pursuant
to subsection (c) of this Code section.
(3) The State Forestry Commission shall distribute or otherwise make available such
certification form to taxpayers.
(g) The State Forestry Commission is authorized to conduct audits of property for
compliance with this Code section at the request of the tax collector or tax commissioner
for an eligible governing authority. In the event the State Forestry Commission conducts
</ins>
<ins>an audit and finds that the temporary tax relief granted to a taxpayer pursuant to this Code
section was improper, the State Forestry Commission shall report such findings to the tax
collector or tax commissioner who may pursue all remedies available by law as necessary
to recapture the tax that would have been due but for being wrongfully claimed by a
taxpayer.
(h) Any temporary tax relief approved or allowed under this Code section shall be paid
from funds of the eligible governing authority to which the taxes were or were to have been
paid.
(i)(1) For the purpose of offsetting an eligible governing authority's revenue loss in the
final quarter of 2024 and any quarter of 2025 due to the destruction of eligible standing
timber in the disaster area and the temporary tax relief authorized pursuant to this Code
section, the commissioner shall, subject to an appropriation by the General Assembly
specifically referencing the provisions of this Code section, provide a grant to each
eligible governing authority that has consented to grant the temporary tax relief
authorized pursuant to this Code section.
(2) A grant provided for in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be allotted to each
eligible governing authority based on:
(A) The governing authority's estimated revenue loss as described in paragraph (1) of
this subsection;
(B) The revenue received by such governing authority pursuant to Code
Section 48-5-7.5 in each of the preceding three years; and
(C) The estimated damage to eligible standing timber in the jurisdiction as provided
in the Hurricane Helene Timber Damage Assessment published by the State Forestry
Commission on November 5, 2024, or other reliable data from the State Forestry
Commission.
</ins>
<ins>(3) No grant to an eligible governing authority provided pursuant to paragraph (1) of this
subsection shall exceed the average of the total revenue received by such governing
authority pursuant to Code Section 48-5-7.5 in 2021, 2022, and 2023.
(j)(1) The grants provided pursuant to subsection (i) of this Code section shall not be
included in the calculation of the equalized adjusted property tax digest under Code
Section 48-5-274 for the purpose of calculating the required local five mill share for
school funding purposes under Code Section 20-2-164.
(2) The temporary tax relief authorized pursuant to this Code section shall not affect the
requirement provided for in paragraph (2) of subsection (m) of Code Section 48-5-7.5
that the fair market value of timber harvested or sold be added to a digest and be included
in the calculation of the equalized adjusted property tax digest under Code
Section 48-5-274 for the purpose of calculating the required local five mill share for
school funding purposes under Code Section 20-2-164.
(k)(1) The commissioner, tax collectors, and tax commissioners shall be authorized to
consult with the State Forestry Commission to implement the provisions of this Code
section.
(2) The State Forestry Commission shall establish criteria for determining whether
timber property is severely damaged or destroyed. In establishing such criteria, such
commission may consider:
(A) The average damage sustained throughout the timber property;
(B) Whether the timber property has adequate remaining trees per acre to maintain
viable timber property; and
(C) The risk of insect and disease damage to the timber property as a result of the
disaster.
(l) The commissioner may promulgate any rules and regulations necessary to implement
and administer the provisions this Code section."
</ins>
PART II
SECTION 2-1.
Said title is further amended in Code Section 48-7-27, relating to computation of taxable net
income, by adding new paragraphs to subsection (a) to read as follows:
<ins>"(11.3) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2025, and ending on or before
December 31, 2029, income received as payments from a federal disaster relief or
assistance grant program administered by this state or its instrumentalities or the United
States Department of Agriculture, if such federal grant program was established
specifically to address agricultural losses suffered due to Hurricane Helene which was a
weather event declared to be a major disaster in this state by the President of the United
States during the 2024 calendar year, to the extent such income is included in federal
adjusted gross income or federal taxable income;
(11.4) For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2025, and ending on or before
December 31, 2025, federal crop insurance proceeds received for the destruction or
damage to crops due to Hurricane Helene which was a weather event declared to be a
major disaster in this state by the President of the United States during the 2024 calendar
year, to the extent such proceeds are included in federal adjusted gross income or federal
taxable income;"
</ins> SECTION 2-2.
Said title is further amended by adding a new Code section to read as follows:
<ins>"48-7-40.37.
(a)(1) The General Assembly finds and determines that Hurricane Helene has had a
catastrophic impact on the citizens and the economy of Georgia, has particularly
devastated the timber industry on which the citizens of Georgia are heavily dependent for
their livelihood, and has created both a public fire hazard and a danger of insect
</ins>
<ins>infestations due to the massive amounts of downed timber caused by the severity of this
natural disaster.
(2) The General Assembly further finds and declares that it is appropriate and advisable
to provide relief to the timber industry in the form of a tax credit targeted to those
taxpayers that have suffered substantial economic losses and that will have to incur
significant expenses for salvaging downed timber, site clearance, restoration, and
reforestation over the coming years.
(b) As used in this Code section, the term:
(1) 'Disaster area' means the real property encompassed by the borders of the 66 counties
included in the renewal of the State of Emergency pronounced in the Executive Order of
the Governor dated October 29, 2024, and filed in the official records of the office of the
Governor as Executive Order No. 10.29.24.01.
(2) 'Eligible timber property' means timber which on September 24, 2024, was being
grown by a taxpayer in a disaster area as part of a trade or business or a transaction
entered into for profit.
(3) 'Timber' means trees grown for the primary purpose of commercial production of
food or wood or wood fiber products.
(4) 'Timber casualty loss' means the amount of the diminution of value included in the
computation of the casualty loss deduction for such casualty losses claimed and allowed
pursuant to Section 165 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as casualty losses incurred
by a taxpayer between September 24, 2024, and December 31, 2024, as a result of
damage to or destruction of eligible timber property caused by Hurricane Helene.
(c)(1) A taxpayer shall be allowed tax credits against the tax imposed by this article in
an amount equal to 100 percent of such taxpayer's timber casualty loss; provided,
however, that the credit amount shall not exceed the number of the taxpayer's affected
acres of eligible timber property in such disaster areas multiplied by $550.00.
</ins>
<ins>(2) To be allowed such tax credits, a taxpayer shall submit an application for preapproval
of such credits based on timber casualty losses incurred by such taxpayer by
December 31, 2025.
(d)(1) The commissioner shall require preapproval applications to contain such
information as is necessary to substantiate a taxpayer's eligibility for tax credits allowed
pursuant to this Code section.
(2) The commissioner is authorized to require electronic submission of preapproval
applications in the manner specified by the commissioner.
(3) The commissioner shall review completed preapproval applications in the order in
which such applications were submitted and shall provide notice to each taxpayer that
submitted an application within 30 days of receipt stating whether such taxpayer's
application is complete or incomplete.
(4) In no event shall the commissioner preapprove tax credits pursuant to this Code
section in an amount that exceeds $200 million in aggregate.
(5) In the event that properly completed and timely submitted preapproval applications
are submitted for an amount that exceeds the amount of funds available to fully fund the
tax credits requested, the commissioner shall prorate the available funds between or
among the applicants.
(6) The commissioner shall approve properly completed and timely submitted
preapproval applications and issue a preapproval certificate to the taxpayer by
January 31, 2026, certifying the amount of credits such taxpayer is eligible to claim if the
taxpayer meets the conditions of this Code section.
(e) In no event shall the amount of the tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section
exceed $200 million in aggregate.
(f)(1)(A) Tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section shall be eligible to be
claimed only by the taxpayer to which the commissioner issued a preapproval
certificate.
</ins>
<ins>(B) Tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section shall only be claimed in the
taxable year in which the taxpayer first completes:
(i) The restoration of each acre for which timber casualty losses were incurred to a
condition that has an adequately stocked stand that is expected to result in forest
products or ecological services in the foreseeable future; or
(ii) The replanting of timber in a quantity projected to yield at maturity at least 90
percent of the value of the timber casualty loss claimed. Such timber shall be planted
within the same county in which the eligible timber property was being grown when
the timber casualty loss was incurred. Timber market conditions as of
September 25, 2024, shall be used for the purposes of establishing projected value.
(2) To claim tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section, a taxpayer shall attach to
such taxpayer's state tax return certification from the taxpayer that the requirements of
this Code section have been met and any other information required by the commissioner,
including information which demonstrates that it has completed the restoration or
replanting of timber required pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(3) Any tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section shall be claimed on or before
December 31, 2030.
(g)(1) The total amount of the tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section for a
taxable year may exceed the taxpayer's income tax liability. Such tax credits allowed in
excess of a taxpayer's income tax liability shall be refundable to such taxpayer, provided
that such taxpayer is the same taxpayer that incurred the timber casualty loss.
(2) Tax credits claimed pursuant to this Code section but not used in any taxable year
may be carried forward for ten years from the close of the taxable year in which the
credits are claimed.
(h) Tax credits claimed pursuant to this Code section but neither used by the taxpayer
against its income tax liability nor refunded may be transferred or sold one time to one
single other Georgia taxpayer, subject to the following conditions:
</ins>
<ins>(1) Only the taxpayer that claimed the tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section
shall make the transfer or sale of such tax credits;
(2) The taxpayer that claimed the tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section shall
submit to the commissioner written notification of any transfer or sale of such tax credits
within 30 days after the transfer or sale of the tax credits. Such written notification shall
include:
(A) Such taxpayer's credit balance prior to transfer;
(B) The credit certificate number;
(C) The remaining balance of credits after transfer;
(D) The tax identification number of the transferee;
(E) The date of transfer;
(F) The amount of credits transferred; and
(G) Other information as may be required by the department;
(3) Failure to comply with any provision of this subsection shall result in the
disallowance of the tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section until the taxpayer
that claimed the credits is in full compliance;
(4) The transfer or sale of the tax credits shall not extend the time during which such tax
credits may be used. The carry-forward period for tax credits that are transferred or sold
shall begin on the date on which such tax credits were originally claimed;
(5) A transferee shall have only such rights to claim and use the tax credits that were
available to the transferor at the time of the transfer; provided, however, that a transferee
shall not be eligible to transfer or receive a refund of such tax credits. To the extent that
the transferor did not have rights to claim or use the tax credits at the time of the transfer,
the commissioner shall disallow the tax credits claimed by the transferee or recapture the
tax credits from the transferee or transferor. The transferee's recourse shall not be against
the commissioner; and
</ins>
<ins>(6) The transferee shall acquire the tax credits allowed pursuant to this Code section for
a minimum of 60 percent of the amount of the tax credits so transferred.
(i)(1) A taxpayer claiming, transferring, or selling tax credits allowed pursuant to this
Code section shall be required to reimburse the department for any department initiated
audits relating to the tax credits, provided that such amount shall not exceed the value of
the credits claimed by the taxpayer. This paragraph shall not apply to routine tax audits
of such taxpayer that may include the review of the tax credits provided in this Code
section.
(2) The commissioner shall have access to timber property for the purpose of
determining eligibility for both the preapproval and claiming of tax credits allowed and
conducting audits pursuant to this Code section, provided that prior notice is given to any
taxpayer that submitted a preapproval application or transferred or claimed tax credits
pursuant to this Code section and the owner of the underlying real property.
(3) The commissioner may pursue all remedies available by law as necessary to
recapture tax credits wrongfully preapproved, allowed, or claimed by a taxpayer or a
taxpayer's transferee.
(4) The commissioner shall be authorized to consult with the State Forestry Commission
as necessary to administer and enforce the provisions of this Code section.
(j) The commissioner shall be authorized to promulgate any rules and regulations
necessary to implement and administer the provisions of this Code section."
</ins> SECTION 2-3.
Said title is further amended in Chapter 8, relating to sales and use taxes, by revising
paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of Code Section 48-8-3.3, relating to exemptions for
agricultural operations and establishment of Georgia Agricultural Trust Fund, as follows:
"(3)(A) 'Agricultural production inputs' means seed; seedlings; plants grown from seed,
cuttings, or liners; fertilizers; insecticides; livestock and poultry feeds, drugs, and
instruments used for the administration of such drugs; fencing products and materials
used to produce agricultural products regardless of whether the fencing products or
materials become incorporated into real property; fungicides; rodenticides; herbicides;
defoliants; soil fumigants; plant growth regulating chemicals; desiccants, including, but
not limited to, shavings and sawdust from wood, peanut hulls, fuller's earth, straw, and
hay; feed for animals, including, but not limited to, livestock, fish, equine, hogs, or
poultry; sugar used as food for honeybees kept for the commercial production of honey,
beeswax, and honeybees; cattle, hogs, sheep, equine, poultry, or bees when sold for
breeding purposes; ice or other refrigerants, including, but not limited to, nitrogen,
carbon dioxide, ammonia, and propylene glycol used in the processing for market or
the chilling of agricultural products in storage facilities, rooms, compartments, or
delivery trucks; materials, containers, crates, boxes, labels, sacks, bags, or bottles used
for packaging agricultural products when the product is either sold in the containers,
sacks, bags, or bottles directly to the consumer or when such use is incidental to the sale
of the product for resale; and containers, plastic, canvas, and other fabrics used in the
care and raising of agricultural products or canvas used in covering feed bins, silos,
greenhouses, and other similar storage structures.
<ins>(B)(i) For the period beginning on the effective date of this Act and ending on
December 31, 2025, such term also means building materials used to repair or
replace:
(I) Greenhouses; and
(II) Real property structures or fixtures used exclusively for the production of
animals, including, but not limited to, poultry sheds and livestock barns.
(ii) Notwithstanding subsection (c) of Code Section 48-8-63, contractors shall not
incur any use tax on any building materials that a qualified agricultural producer
purchases tax-exempt under division (i) of this subparagraph for use in an agricultural
operation and furnishes to such contractor for installation into real property."
</ins>
PART III
SECTION 3-1.
This Act shall become effective upon its approval by the Governor or upon its becoming law
without such approval.
SECTION 3-2.
All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are repealed.