---
title: HB 414. Elections; "person" to include certain nonresidents; revise definition
collection: bills
id: 2025-2026/hb414
cite_as: HB 414, 2025-2026 Regular Session (Ga.)
canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/hb414
md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/hb414.md
text_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/hb414/text
source_url: https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/70255
date: 2026-05-11
status: passed
corpus_version: bills-2026-09-13
license: Public record of the Georgia General Assembly, via LegiScan; see about.md
publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice.
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omitted: votes and history
omitted_chars: 1531
omitted_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/hb414.md?full=1
bill_number: HB 414
session: 2025-2026 Regular Session
session_slug: 2025-2026
chamber: House
bill_type: bill
status_date: 2026-05-11
last_action: Effective Date 2026-05-11
sponsors:
  - Todd Jones
  - Buddy DeLoach
  - Stan Gunter
  - Mitchell Scoggins
  - Scott Holcomb
  - Randy Robertson
text_version: Enrolled
has_text: true
legiscan_url: https://legiscan.com/GA/bill/HB414/2025
upstream_id: 1968112
summaries_model: claude-sonnet-5
topic_tags:
  - campaign finance
  - state ethics commission
  - election law
  - government transparency
  - out-of-state enforcement
---

# HB 414. Elections; "person" to include certain nonresidents; revise definition

## Text

House Bill 414 (AS PASSED HOUSE AND SENATE)
By: Representatives Jones of the 25th, DeLoach of the 167th, Gunter of the 8th, Scoggins of
the 14th, and Holcomb of the 101st
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
To amend Chapter 5 of Title 21 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to
government transparency and campaign finance, so as to revise the definition of "person" to
include certain nonresidents of the state; to provide time periods for responding to civil
actions brought by the Attorney General pursuant to this chapter; to provide for award of
default judgments in such actions; to provide time periods for hearings on such actions; to
provide the State Ethics Commission with supplementary investigatory powers related to
persons, documents, or information located outside of the state; to revise venue provisions
to address out-of-state persons; to provide for related matters; to provide for an effective
date; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA:
SECTION 1.
Chapter 5 of Title 21 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to government
transparency and campaign finance, is amended in Code Section 21-5-3, relating to
definitions, by revising paragraph (19) as follows:
"(19) 'Person' means an individual, partnership, committee, association, corporation,
limited liability company, limited liability partnership, trust, professional corporation, or
other business entity <del>recognized in the State of Georgia,</del> labor organization, or any other
organization or group of persons, <ins>and shall include a 'nonresident' as that term is defined
in Code Section 9-10-90 who commits an act or omission or transacts business within the
state which if performed by a resident of this state would be subject to this chapter."
</ins> SECTION 2.
Said chapter is further amended in Code Section 21-5-6, relating to powers and duties of the
State Ethics Commission, by revising paragraph (14) of subsection (b) and adding a new
subsection to read as follows:
"(14) To issue orders, after the completion of appropriate proceedings, directing
compliance with this chapter or prohibiting the actual or threatened commission of any
conduct constituting a violation. Such order may include a provision requiring the
violator:
(A) To cease and desist from committing further violations;
(B) To make public complete statements, in corrected form, containing the information
required by this chapter;
(C)(i) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of Code Section 21-5-7.1, to pay a civil
penalty not to exceed $1,000.00 for each violation contained in any report required
by this chapter or for each failure to comply with any other provision of this chapter
or of any rule or regulation promulgated under this chapter; provided, however, that
a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000.00 may be imposed for a second occurrence of
a violation of the same provision and a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000.00 may be
imposed for each third or subsequent occurrence of a violation of the same provision.
In imposing a penalty or late filing fee under this chapter, the commission may waive
or suspend such penalty or fee if the imposition of such penalty or fee would impose
an undue hardship on the person required to pay such penalty or fee. The commission
may also waive or suspend a penalty or fee in the case of failure to file or late filing
of a report if there are no items to be included in the report. For the purposes of the
penalties imposed by this division, the same error, act, omission, or inaccurate entry
shall be considered a single violation if the error, act, omission, or inaccurate entry
appears multiple times on the same report or causes further errors, omissions, or
inaccurate entries in that report or in any future reports or further violations in that
report or in any future reports.
(ii) A civil penalty shall not be assessed except after notice and hearing as provided
by Chapter 13 of Title 50, the 'Georgia Administrative Procedure Act.' The amount
of any civil penalty finally assessed shall be recoverable by a civil action brought in
the name of the commission. All moneys recovered pursuant to this Code section
shall be deposited in the state treasury.
(iii) The Attorney General of this state shall, upon complaint by the commission, or
may, upon the Attorney General's own initiative if after examination of the complaint
and evidence the Attorney General believes a violation has occurred, bring an action
in the superior court in the name of the commission for a temporary restraining order
or other injunctive relief or for civil penalties for a violation of any provision of this
chapter or any rule or regulation duly issued by the commission.
(iv) Any action brought by the Attorney General to enforce civil penalties for a
violation of the provisions of this chapter or of any rule or regulation duly issued by
the commission or any order issued by the commission ordering compliance or to
cease and desist from further violations shall be brought in the superior court of the
county of the residence of the party against whom relief is sought. Service of process
shall lie in any jurisdiction within the state. In such actions, the superior court inquiry
shall be limited to whether notice was given by the commission to the violator in
compliance with the Constitution and the rules of procedure of Chapter 13 of Title 50,
the 'Georgia Administrative Procedure Act.' Upon satisfaction that notice was given
and a hearing was held pursuant to Chapter 13 of Title 50, the 'Georgia
Administrative Procedure Act,' the superior court shall enforce the orders of the
commission and the civil penalties assessed under this chapter and the superior court
shall not make independent inquiry as to whether the violations have occurred.
<ins>Notwithstanding any provision of Chapter 13 of Title 50, the 'Georgia Administrative
Procedure Act,' to the contrary, in any such action if the party against whom relief is
sought has not filed a response within 30 days of being served with process in such
action, a default judgement shall be entered against the party against whom relief is
sought. If the party against whom relief is sought files a response in such action
within 30 days of being served with process in such action, the superior court shall fix
a place and time for a hearing on the merits of such action which shall occur no later
than 30 days after the date the party against whom relief is sought filed its response.
Such court may fix additional hearings at such other times and places as are necessary
to decide the action.
</ins> (v) In any action brought by the Attorney General to enforce any of the provisions
of this chapter or of any rule or regulation issued by the commission, the judgment,
if in favor of the commission, shall provide that the defendant pay to the commission
the costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred by the commission in the
prosecution of such action.
The commission shall make all such orders that were issued after January 9, 2006,
publicly available for review and shall post these and all future orders on the
commission's website, and the commission shall make all advisory orders that were
issued prior to January 9, 2006, publicly available for review and shall post these orders
on the commission's website. Such orders shall serve as precedent for all future orders
and opinions of the commission;"
<ins>"(c)(1) Supplemental to any investigatory or enforcement powers provided to the
commission in this chapter, if a matter or person that the commission seeks to obtain
documentation or information from is located outside the state, the commission may
</ins>
<ins>request the person with such documentation or information to make such documentation
or information available to the commission or the commission representative to examine
at the location where such person, documentation, or information is located.
(2) In the event that a person refuses to comply with a request made pursuant to
paragraph (1) of this subsection, the commission may petition that such person be ordered
by the superior court to provide the documentation or information sought by the
commission. The court shall not order such compliance unless the commission has
demonstrated to the satisfaction of the court that the documentation or information under
request is pertinent or necessary to further the investigation or enforcement action
authorized by this chapter."
</ins> SECTION 3.
Said chapter is further amended by revising Code Section 21-5-8, relating to venue, as
follows:
"21-5-8.
Venue for prosecution of civil violations of this chapter or for any other action by or on
behalf of the commission shall be in the county of the residence of the candidate or public
officer at the time of the alleged violation or action, <ins>unless the person is not a Georgia
resident, in which case venue is in Fulton County."
</ins> SECTION 4.
This Act shall become effective upon its approval by the Governor or upon its becoming law
without such approval.
SECTION 5.
All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are repealed.

## Summaries written by Georgia Commons

The following was written by claude-sonnet-5 from the text above and is not part of the bill. Quote the text, not the summary.

House Bill 414 would let Georgia's ethics law reach people outside the state who violate campaign finance rules, and it would speed up lawsuits the Attorney General brings to enforce those rules.

### Plain-language summary

Georgia's campaign finance and ethics law (O.C.G.A. Chapter 5 of Title 21) currently defines 'person' in a way tied to entities recognized in Georgia. This bill expands that definition to include nonresidents, using the same definition of 'nonresident' already used in Georgia's long-arm statute (O.C.G.A. 9-10-90), so that someone outside Georgia who commits an act or does business in the state that would violate the ethics law can be held to the same rules a resident would face.
The bill also changes how the Attorney General's enforcement lawsuits work: if a person sued does not respond within 30 days, the court must enter a default judgment against them, and if they do respond, a hearing must happen within 30 days of that response. It gives the State Ethics Commission new power to request documents or information from people located out of state, with court backup if they refuse. It also moves the case's location (venue) to Fulton County when the person involved is not a Georgia resident. The changes take effect once the Governor signs the bill or it becomes law without a signature.

### What it does

- Expands the legal definition of 'person' in Georgia's campaign finance and ethics law to include certain nonresidents who act or do business in the state.
- Requires a default judgment against anyone sued by the Attorney General for an ethics violation who fails to respond within 30 days of being served.
- Sets a 30 day deadline for holding a hearing once a person sued does respond.
- Gives the State Ethics Commission authority to request documents or information from people or records located outside Georgia, with court enforcement if they refuse.
- Changes venue (the court where a case is filed) to Fulton County when the person involved is not a Georgia resident.

### Who it affects

Out-of-state individuals, businesses, or organizations that engage in political activity or business affecting Georgia elections, the Attorney General's office, the State Ethics Commission, and anyone facing a civil enforcement action under Georgia's campaign finance law.

### Why it matters

The change closes a gap that previously let out-of-state actors avoid Georgia's ethics rules simply by not being Georgia residents. It also speeds up enforcement cases with firm deadlines and gives investigators a clearer path to get evidence located outside the state.

### Key provisions

- Section 1 revises O.C.G.A. 21-5-3(19) to include nonresidents (as defined in O.C.G.A. 9-10-90) in the definition of 'person' if they act or do business in Georgia in a way that would violate the chapter.
- Section 2 amends O.C.G.A. 21-5-6 to require default judgment if a party sued by the Attorney General does not respond within 30 days, and a hearing within 30 days if they do respond.
- Section 2 also adds a new subsection letting the State Ethics Commission request documents or information located outside Georgia and petition a superior court to compel compliance if refused.
- Section 3 revises the venue rule in O.C.G.A. 21-5-8 so cases against nonresidents are filed in Fulton County instead of the person's county of residence.
- Section 4 makes the law effective as soon as the Governor signs it or it becomes law without a signature.

## Status

- Status: Passed (2026-05-11)
- Last action: Effective Date 2026-05-11 (2026-05-11)
- Sponsors: Todd Jones, Buddy DeLoach, Stan Gunter, Mitchell Scoggins, Scott Holcomb, Randy Robertson
- Official page: https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/70255

> The history, votes, and amendments (1,531 characters) are at https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/hb414.md?full=1