---
title: SB 425. Education; all schools that receive state funding with students in any of grades three through five to provide instruction in cursive handwriting to all students by no later than third grade; require
collection: bills
id: 2025-2026/sb425
cite_as: SB 425, 2025-2026 Regular Session (Ga.)
canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb425
md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb425.md
text_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb425/text
source_url: https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/72466
date: 2026-03-25
status: engrossed
corpus_version: bills-2026-09-13
license: Public record of the Georgia General Assembly, via LegiScan; see about.md
publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice.
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omitted: votes and history
omitted_chars: 585
omitted_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb425.md?full=1
bill_number: SB 425
session: 2025-2026 Regular Session
session_slug: 2025-2026
chamber: Senate
bill_type: bill
status_date: 2026-03-04
last_action: House Committee Favorably Reported By Substitute
sponsors:
  - Marty Harbin
  - Carden Summers
  - Max Burns
  - Jason T. Dickerson
  - Billy Hickman
  - Kenya Wicks
  - Sonya Halpern
  - Ed Setzler
  - Clint Dixon
  - Derek Mallow
  - Lee Hawkins
text_version: Comm Sub
has_text: true
legiscan_url: https://legiscan.com/GA/bill/SB425/2025
upstream_id: 2095142
summaries_model: claude-sonnet-5
topic_tags:
  - cursive handwriting
  - school safety
  - defibrillators
  - bleeding control kits
  - school employee protections
---

# SB 425. Education; all schools that receive state funding with students in any of grades three through five to provide instruction in cursive handwriting to all students by no later than third grade; require

## Text

The House Committee on Education offers the following substitute to SB 425:
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
To amend Title 20 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to education, so as to
require all schools that receive state funding with students in any of grades three through five
to provide instruction in cursive handwriting to all students by no later than third grade; to
remove the requirement of having a licensed physician in automated external defibrillator
programs; to provide instruction and procedures related to bleeding control kits; to provide
a definition; to provide for certain protections for employees and students from violence or
other circumstances; to require local boards of education and public school governing bodies
to adopt policies and procedures to allow an employee of a public school who is the victim
of an act of physical violence committed by a student or the parent or the guardian of a
student to transfer to a substantially similar position in another public school within the same
local school system; to provide for related matters; to provide for contingent effectiveness
upon appropriation of funds; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA:
SECTION 1.
Title 20 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to education, is amended in Part
2 of Article 6 of Chapter 2, relating to competencies and core curriculum, by adding a new
Code section to read as follows:
<ins>"20-2-140.2.
All schools with students in any of grades three through five which receive in any manner
funds from the state shall provide instruction in cursive handwriting to students by no later
than third grade. Such instruction may be provided within the framework of existing
coursework offered by the school."
</ins> SECTION 2.
Said title is further amended in Part 3 of Article 16 of Chapter 2, relating to health, by
revising Code Section 20-2-775, relating to automated external defibrillators required in high
schools, requirements, and funding, as follows:
"20-2-775.
(a) As used in this Code section, the term:
(1) 'Automated external defibrillator' means a defibrillator which:
(A) Is capable of cardiac rhythm analysis;
(B) Will charge and be capable of being activated to deliver a countershock after
electrically detecting the presence of certain cardiac dysrhythmias; and
(C) Is capable of continuously recording cardiac dysrhythmia at the scene with a
mechanism for transfer and storage or for printing for review subsequent to use.
<ins>(2) 'Bleeding control kit' means a kit used to stop or slow bleeding in emergencies that
is approved by the American College of Surgeons and may be obtained through the
Georgia Trauma Commission Bleeding Control Kit Program.
</ins>
<del>(2)(3)</del> 'Emergency action plan' means the plan established pursuant to <del>paragraph (5)
</del> <ins>paragraph (7)</ins> of subsection (c) of this Code section to provide for an emergency response
to <del>a</del> <ins>any</ins> person in cardiac arrest <ins>or experiencing severe bleeding.
</ins> <del>(3)(4)</del> 'Internal response team' means the team of school personnel established pursuant
to <del>paragraph (7)</del> <ins>paragraph (9)</ins> of subsection (c) of this Code section responsible for
oversight of an emergency response to <del>a</del> <ins>any</ins> person in cardiac arrest <ins>or experiencing
severe bleeding</ins> and implementation of the emergency action plan.
<del>(4)(5)</del> 'School' means a public school in this state which provides K-12 education.
(b) No later than July 1, 2025, each school in this state shall have at least one functional
automated external defibrillator on site at such school at all times and easily accessible
during all school hours and during any school related function, including athletic practices,
athletic competitions, and other occasions where students and others will be present, for
use during emergencies.
(c) Each school shall:
(1) Ensure that each member of the internal response team and any other expected users
of the automated external defibrillator receive American Heart Association or American
Red Cross training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator
use or complete an equivalent nationally recognized course;
<ins>(2) Ensure that each member of the internal response team and any other expected users
of the bleeding control kit utilize an instructional or training program established by the
American College of Surgeons for stopping bleeding and the use of a bleeding control kit;
</ins> <del>(2)(3)</del> Notify the appropriate emergency medical services system of the existence and
location of each automated external defibrillator prior to <del>said</del> <ins>such</ins> automated external
defibrillator being placed in use;
<ins>(4) Notify the appropriate emergency medical services system of the existence and
location of each bleeding control kit prior to such bleeding control kit being placed in
use;
</ins>
<del>(3)(5)</del> Ensure that the automated external defibrillator is maintained and tested according
to the manufacturer's operational guidelines;
<del>(4) Ensure that there is involvement of a licensed physician or other person authorized
by the Georgia Composite Medical Board in the site's automated external defibrillator
program to ensure compliance with requirements for training, notification, and
maintenance;
</del> <ins>(6) Ensure that the bleeding control kit is maintained and replenished after use;
</ins> <del>(5)(7)</del> Establish a written emergency action plan that adheres to nationally recognized
standards and that establishes specific steps to take during <del>a cardiac emergency
</del> <ins>emergencies</ins> in a school setting <ins>which involve either cardiac arrest or severe bleeding.
</ins> Such plan shall be designed to:
<ins>(A) Provide</ins> <del>provide</del> for an effective system for communication between members of
the internal response team and other school officials, ensuring that the internal response
team or other designated personnel activate the emergency medical services system as
soon as reasonably possible after any person renders emergency care or treatment to a
person in cardiac arrest by using an automated external defibrillator and <del>report any
clinical use of the automated external defibrillator to the licensed physician or other
person authorized by the Georgia Composite Medical Board who is supervising the
program, and</del> ensuring that emergency medical services personnel are led directly to the
exact location of the person in cardiac arrest; <ins>and
(B) Provide for an effective system for communication between members of the
internal response team and other school officials, ensuring that the internal response
team or other designated personnel activate the emergency medical services system as
soon as reasonably possible after any person renders emergency care or treatment to a
person experiencing severe bleeding by using a bleeding control kit and ensuring that
emergency medical services personnel are led directly to the exact location of the
person experiencing severe bleeding;
</ins>
<del>(6)(8)</del> Beginning in the <del>2025-2026</del> <ins>2026-2027</ins> school year and each school year
thereafter, conduct a minimum of two emergency action plan practice drills per school
year, with at least one per semester. One such practice drill may be a tabletop drill to
walk through a hypothetical scenario and the courses of action a school will need to take
before, during, and after <del>a</del> <ins>any</ins> cardiac emergency <ins>or severe bleeding emergency.</ins> The
emergency action plan practice drills shall include various locations on school grounds
and responses to different hypothetical situations;
<del>(7)(9)</del> Establish a designated internal response team composed of:
(A) At least five school staff members;
(B) One or more designated team leads trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, <del>and
</del> automated external defibrillator use, <ins>and bleeding control kit use,</ins> and <ins>who shall be
</ins> responsible for oversight of an emergency response;
(C) One or more designated cardiopulmonary resuscitation <ins>and bleeding control kit
</ins> leads trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, <del>and</del> automated external defibrillator use,
<ins>and bleeding control kit use;
</ins> (D) One or more designated automated external defibrillator <ins>and bleeding control kit
</ins> leads <ins>who shall be</ins> responsible for knowing the location of automated external
defibrillators, retrieving automated external defibrillators, and maintenance of
automated external defibrillators <ins>and who shall also be responsible for knowing the
location of bleeding control kits, retrieving bleeding control kits, and maintenance of
bleeding control kits;</ins> and
(E) One or more designated communication leads responsible for activating the
emergency medical services system, facilitating directions to <del>the</del> <ins>any</ins> person in cardiac
arrest <ins>or experiencing severe bleeding</ins> for emergency medical services personnel upon
arrival at the school, and coordinating communications with the designated team lead
or leads; and
<ins>(8)(10)</ins> Apprise all school personnel of the location of automated external defibrillators
<ins>and bleeding control kits</ins> and <ins>the identities of</ins> the members of the internal response team.
(d) Subject to appropriations by the General Assembly, the Department of Education shall
provide funds to local school systems to assist in the purchase of automated external
defibrillators pursuant to this Code section.
<ins>(e) The department and local school systems shall consult as necessary with the Georgia
Trauma Commission Bleeding Control Kit Program and Regional Trauma Advisory
Committee coordinators to obtain bleeding control kits and to provide training on bleeding
control kit use to meet the requirements of this Code section.
</ins> <del>(e)(f)</del> The department and local school systems shall use diligent efforts to identify private
sources of funding or donation of funding and equipment <ins>for cardiopulmonary
resuscitation, automated external defibrillator use, and bleeding control kit use</ins> to meet the
requirements of this Code section."
SECTION 3.
Said title is further amended in Subpart 2 of Part 6 of Chapter 2, relating to conditions of
employment, by adding a new Code section to read as follows:
<ins>"20-2-222.
No later than August 1, 2026, each local board of education and public school governing
body shall adopt policies and procedures to allow an employee of a public school who is
the victim of an act of physical violence, as such term is defined in Code
Section 20-2-751.6, committed by a student or the parent or guardian of a student to
transfer to a substantially similar position in another public school within the same local
school system, provided that such a position is available. Such policy shall provide that
no employee shall be subject to retaliation or other adverse action due to such a transfer or
request to transfer."
</ins>
SECTION 4.
(a) This Act shall become effective on July 1, 2026, except as provided in subsection (b) of
this section.
(b) Section 2 of this Act shall become effective only if funds are specifically appropriated
for purposes of this Act in an appropriations Act enacted by the General Assembly. If funds
are so appropriated, then Section 2 of this Act shall become effective on the later of:
(1) The date on which such appropriations Act becomes effective; or
(2) The beginning date of the fiscal year for which such appropriations are made.
SECTION 5.
All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are repealed.

## Summaries written by Georgia Commons

The following was written by claude-sonnet-5 from the text above and is not part of the bill. Quote the text, not the summary.

A Georgia Senate bill, as revised by the House Committee on Education, would require schools receiving state funds to teach cursive handwriting by third grade, add bleeding control kits to school emergency plans, and let school employees attacked by a student or parent transfer schools.

### Plain-language summary

This bill amends Georgia's education code (Title 20) in several ways. It creates a new requirement that any school with students in grades three through five that receives state funding must teach cursive handwriting to all students no later than third grade, though this can be folded into existing coursework.
It also rewrites the law on automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in schools (O.C.G.A. § 20-2-775), removing the requirement that a licensed physician oversee a school's AED program and adding new rules for bleeding control kits, including training, maintenance, and coordination with the Georgia Trauma Commission. Schools would also have to run emergency drills covering both cardiac arrest and severe bleeding starting in the 2026-2027 school year.
Separately, the bill requires local school boards to adopt policies letting an employee who is physically attacked by a student or that student's parent or guardian transfer to a similar job at another school in the same district, without retaliation. Most of the bill takes effect July 1, 2026, but the AED and bleeding kit section only takes effect if the General Assembly specifically appropriates funding for it.

### What it does

- Requires all state-funded schools with grades three through five to teach cursive handwriting to every student by no later than third grade.
- Removes the current requirement that a licensed physician be involved in a school's automated external defibrillator (AED) program.
- Adds bleeding control kits to school emergency medical requirements, including training, maintenance, and notifying local emergency services of their location.
- Requires two emergency drills per year starting in the 2026-2027 school year covering both cardiac arrest and severe bleeding scenarios.
- Requires local school boards to let employees who are physically attacked by a student or a student's parent or guardian transfer to a similar job at another school in the district, without retaliation.
- Makes the AED and bleeding kit changes take effect only if the General Assembly separately appropriates funding for them.

### Who it affects

Public and other state-funded schools and their students in grades three through five, school staff responsible for AED and bleeding control kit programs, licensed physicians currently involved in school AED oversight, local school boards and public school governing bodies, and school employees who experience physical violence from students or their parents or guardians.

### Why it matters

Students would gain guaranteed cursive instruction, schools would add bleeding control training alongside existing defibrillator rules, and physicians would no longer need to oversee AED programs. Employees attacked at work would gain a formal path to transfer schools without facing retaliation, though the medical provisions depend on future state funding.

### Key provisions

- Section 1 adds Code Section 20-2-140.2, requiring cursive handwriting instruction by third grade in schools with grades three through five that receive state funds.
- Section 2 revises Code Section 20-2-775 to remove the licensed physician requirement for AED programs and add definitions, training, and maintenance rules for bleeding control kits.
- Section 2 requires schools to notify local emergency medical services of bleeding control kit locations and to establish emergency action plans covering both cardiac arrest and severe bleeding.
- Section 2 requires two emergency action plan drills per year beginning in the 2026-2027 school year, covering cardiac and bleeding emergencies.
- Section 3 adds Code Section 20-2-222, requiring local boards to adopt transfer policies for employees who are victims of physical violence by a student or that student's parent or guardian.
- Section 4 sets a general effective date of July 1, 2026, but makes Section 2 (AED and bleeding kits) effective only if the General Assembly appropriates funds for it.

## Status

- Status: Engrossed (2026-03-04)
- Last action: House Committee Favorably Reported By Substitute (2026-03-25)
- Sponsors: Marty Harbin, Carden Summers, Max Burns, Jason T. Dickerson, Billy Hickman, Kenya Wicks, Sonya Halpern, Ed Setzler, Clint Dixon, Derek Mallow, Lee Hawkins
- Official page: https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/72466

> The history, votes, and amendments (585 characters) are at https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb425.md?full=1