Senate Bill 480
By: Senators Albers of the 56th, Robertson of the 29th and Dickerson of the 21st
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
To amend Article 3 of Chapter 5 of Title 16 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated,
relating to kidnapping, false imprisonment, and related offenses, so as to revise provisions
relative to the offenses of interference with custody and interstate interference with custody;
to require law enforcement officers to issue a citation to persons suspected of interference
with custody to appear in court within a time certain to present properly executed
documentation or other tangible evidence showing that such person's conduct was
authorized; to require preliminary hearings within seven business days of the issuance of
such citations; to provide an applicable standard for probable cause; to make it unlawful for
a person to present false documentation in connection with proceedings provided for in this
Act; to provide for penalties; to revise and repeal definitions; to provide a short title; to
provide for related matters; to provide for an effective date and applicability; to repeal
conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA:
SECTION 1.
This Act shall be known and may be cited as the "Georgia Custodial Interference Reform
Act."
SECTION 2.
Article 3 of Chapter 5 of Title 16 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to
kidnapping, false imprisonment, and related offenses, is amended by revising Code
Section 16-5-45, relating to interference with custody, as follows:
"16-5-45.
(a) As used in this Code section, the term:
(1) 'Child' means any individual who is under the age of <del>17</del> <ins>18</ins> years <del>or any individual
who is under the age of 18 years who is alleged to be a dependent child or a child in need
of services as such terms are defined in Code Section 15-11-2.
</del> (2) <del>'Committed person' means any child or other person whose custody is entrusted to
another individual by authority of law.
(3)</del> 'Lawful custody' means that <del>custody inherent in the natural parents, that custody
awarded by proper authority as provided in Code Section 15-11-133, or that</del> custody
awarded to a parent, guardian, or other person by a court of competent jurisdiction.
<del>(4)(3)</del> 'Service provider' means an entity that is registered with the Department of Human
Services pursuant to Article 7 of Chapter 5 of Title 49 or a child welfare agency as
defined in Code Section 49-5-12 or an agent or employee acting on behalf of such entity
or child welfare agency.
(b)(1) A person commits the offense of interference with custody when without lawful
authority to do so, the person:
<del>(A) Knowingly</del> <ins>knowingly</ins> or recklessly takes, <ins>retains,</ins> or entices any child <del>or
committed person</del> away from the individual, <ins>parent, or legal custodian</ins> who, <ins>pursuant
to a valid court order,</ins> has lawful custody of such child <del>or committed person</del> <ins>or is
exercising a current right of visitation of such child.;
(2)(A)(i) When a law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that a person
has interfered with custody in violation of this subsection, the law enforcement officer
shall issue to such person a citation ordering the person to appear at the magistrate
</ins>
<ins>court of the county having jurisdiction within 72 hours, excluding weekends and legal
holidays, and present to the presiding judge of the magistrate court or, if directed by
the presiding judge, to the clerk of the magistrate court properly executed
documentation or other tangible evidence showing that the conduct for which such
person was issued a citation under this subparagraph was authorized.
(ii) For purposes of determining probable cause under this paragraph, a law
enforcement officer shall be authorized to rely upon a custody order or parenting plan
issued by a court of competent jurisdiction that is facially valid, together with the
officer's observation or credible information indicating that a child has been taken or
retained beyond the lawful period of visitation or parenting time specified in such
order or plan. Such order or plan shall be deemed facially valid if stamped or
otherwise endorsed as 'filed' or otherwise certified by the clerk of the court of
competent jurisdiction.
(B) A preliminary hearing on the citation shall be held within seven business days of
the date such citation was issued pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph to
consider the matter.
(3) A person who commits the offense of interference with custody shall:
(A) Upon the first conviction thereof, be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be
punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000.00 or by imprisonment for not more than 12
months, or both;
(B) Upon the second conviction thereof, be guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and
aggravated nature and shall be punished by a fine of not less than $1,000.00 nor more
than $5,000.00 or by imprisonment for not more than 12 months, or both; and
(C) Upon the third or subsequent conviction thereof, be guilty of a felony and shall be
punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than five years and a fine not
to exceed $5,000.00.
(4) In any criminal proceeding under this subsection, the venue shall be proper in:
</ins>
<ins>(A) The county where the custody order was issued;
(B) The county where the child was to have been transferred pursuant to the custody
order; or
(C) The county where the child was unlawfully taken or retained.
</ins> <del>(B)(5)</del> <ins>This subsection</ins> <del>Knowingly harbors any committed person who has absconded;
provided, however, that this subparagraph</del> shall not apply to a service provider that
notifies the child's parent, guardian, or legal custodian of the child's location and general
state of well being as soon as possible but not later than 72 hours after the child's
acceptance of services; provided, further, that such notification shall not be required if:
<ins>(i)(A)</ins> The service provider has reasonable cause to believe that the <del>minor</del> <ins>child</ins> has
been abused or neglected and makes a child abuse report pursuant to Code
Section 19-7-5;
<ins>(ii)(B)</ins> The child will not disclose the name of the child's parent, guardian, or legal
custodian, and the Division of Family and Children Services within the Department of
Human Services is notified within 72 hours of the child's acceptance of services; or
<del>(iii)(C)</del> The child's parent, guardian, or legal custodian cannot be reached, and the
Division of Family and Children Services within the Department of Human Services
is notified within 72 hours of the <del>child's</del> acceptance of services; <del>or
(C) Intentionally and willfully retains possession within this state of the child or
committed person upon the expiration of a lawful period of visitation with the child or
committed person.
(2) A person convicted of the offense of interference with custody shall be punished as
follows:
(A) Upon conviction of the first offense, the defendant shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and shall be fined not less than $200.00 nor more than $500.00 or shall
be imprisoned for not less than one month nor more than five months, or both fined and
imprisoned;
</del>
<del>(B) Upon conviction of the second offense, the defendant shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and shall be fined not less than $400.00 nor more than $1,000.00 or shall
be imprisoned for not less than three months nor more than 12 months, or both fined
and imprisoned; and
(C) Upon the conviction of the third or subsequent offense, the defendant shall be
guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more
than five years.
(c)(1)</del> A person commits the offense of interstate interference with custody when without
lawful authority to do so the person <ins>knowingly removes a child from the state in violation
of a lawful court order. A person who commits the offense of interstate interference shall
be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for
not less than one nor more than five years and a fine not to exceed $5,000.00.</ins> <del>knowingly
or recklessly takes or entices any minor or committed person away from the individual who
has lawful custody of such minor or committed person and in so doing brings such minor
or committed person into this state or removes such minor or committed person from this
state.
(2) A person also commits the offense of interstate interference with custody when the
person removes a minor or committed person from this state in the lawful exercise of a
visitation right and, upon the expiration of the period of lawful visitation, intentionally
retains possession of the minor or committed person in another state for the purpose of
keeping the minor or committed person away from the individual having lawful custody
of the minor or committed person. The offense is deemed to be committed in the county
to which the minor or committed person was to have been returned upon expiration of the
period of lawful visitation.
(3) A person convicted of the offense of interstate interference with custody shall be guilty
of a felony and shall be imprisoned for not less than one year nor more than five years.
</del>
<ins>(d)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly alter, conceal, cover up, or create
a document and present any document in connection with proceedings under this Code
section knowing or having reason to know that such document has been altered or
contains a materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation.
(2) Any person who violates paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be guilty of a felony
and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment of not less than one nor
more than ten years, a fine not to exceed $10,000.00, or both."
</ins> SECTION 3.
This Act shall become effective on July 1, 2026, and shall apply to all offenses committed
on or after such date.
SECTION 4.
All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are repealed.