---
title: SB 541. Property; the placement of wheel restraints on trespassing motor vehicles; prohibit
collection: bills
id: 2025-2026/sb541
cite_as: SB 541, 2025-2026 Regular Session (Ga.)
canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb541
md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb541.md
text_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb541/text
source_url: https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/73466
date: 2026-02-24
status: introduced
corpus_version: bills-2026-09-13
license: Public record of the Georgia General Assembly, via LegiScan; see about.md
publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice.
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previous: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb540.md
next: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb542.md
index: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/index.md
omitted: votes and history
omitted_chars: 267
omitted_url: https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb541.md?full=1
bill_number: SB 541
session: 2025-2026 Regular Session
session_slug: 2025-2026
chamber: Senate
bill_type: bill
status_date: 2026-02-20
last_action: Senate Read and Referred
sponsors:
  - Josh McLaurin
  - Nikki Merritt
  - Sheikh Rahman
  - Ed Harbison
  - Nan Orrock
  - RaShaun Kemp
  - Tonya Anderson
  - Frank Ginn
  - Ricky Williams
  - John Albers
  - Drew Echols
  - Shawn Still
  - Marty Harbin
  - Clint Dixon
  - Harold Jones
  - Chuck Payne
  - Carden Summers
  - Freddie Sims
  - Russ Goodman
  - Lee Anderson
  - Sonya Halpern
  - Jaha Howard
  - Mike Hodges
  - Michael Rhett
  - Ed Setzler
  - Kim Jackson
  - Chuck Hufstetler
  - Derek Mallow
  - Nabilah Islam Parkes
  - Randal Mangham
  - Billy Hickman
  - Max Burns
  - David Lucas
  - Sam Watson
  - Gail Davenport
  - Jason T. Dickerson
  - Greg Dolezal
  - Kay Kirkpatrick
  - Donzella James
  - Elena Parent
text_version: Introduced
has_text: true
legiscan_url: https://legiscan.com/GA/bill/SB541/2025
upstream_id: 2121429
summaries_model: claude-sonnet-5
topic_tags:
  - private property law
  - vehicle towing and booting
  - trespassing vehicles
  - property owner rights
---

# SB 541. Property; the placement of wheel restraints on trespassing motor vehicles; prohibit

## Text

Senate Bill 541
By: Senators McLaurin of the 14th, Merritt of the 9th, Rahman of the 5th, Harbison of the
15th, Orrock of the 36th and others
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
To amend Chapter 1 of Title 44 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to
general provisions relative to property, so as to prohibit the placement of wheel restraints on
trespassing motor vehicles; to provide for conforming changes; to provide for definitions; to
provide for related matters; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA:
SECTION 1.
Chapter 1 of Title 44 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to general
provisions relative to property, is amended by revising Code Section 44-1-13, relating to
removal or immobilization of trespassing cars or personal property, concurrent jurisdiction,
procedure, automatic surveillance prohibited, and penalty, as follows:
"44-1-13.
(a) As used in this Code section, the term:
(1) 'Department' means the Department of Public Safety.
<del>(1.1)(2)</del> 'Immobilization device' means any mechanical device designed or used to be
attached to a <del>wheel, tire, or other part</del> <ins>portion</ins> of a parked motor vehicle so as to prohibit
the motor vehicle's usual manner of movement or operation. <ins>Such term shall not include
a wheel restraint.
</ins> <del>(2)(3)</del> 'Private property' means any parcel or space of private real property.
<ins>(4) 'Wheel restraint' means any mechanical device, including, but not limited to, a boot
or lock, designed or used to be attached to a wheel or tire of a motor vehicle so as to
prohibit the motor vehicle's usual manner of movement or operation.
</ins> (a.1) Any person or his or her authorized agent entitled to the possession of any private
property shall have the right to remove or cause to be removed from the property or
immobilize or cause to be immobilized any vehicle or personal property trespassing
thereon which is not authorized to be at the place where it is found and to store or cause to
be stored such trespassing vehicle or personal property, provided that there shall have been
conspicuously posted on the private property notice that any trespassing vehicle or personal
property which is not authorized to be at the place where it is found may be immobilized
or removed at the expense of the owner of the trespassing vehicle or personal property.
Such notice shall also include information as to the contact information for removal of an
immobilization device, the full legal names of the company conducting the immobilization
and the property owner where the immobilization occurred, the fee amount for removal of
an immobilization device, location where the removed vehicle or personal property can be
recovered, the cost of said recovery, and information as to the form of payment; provided,
however, that the owner of residential private property containing not more than four
residential units shall not be required to comply with the posting requirements of this
subsection. Only towing and storage firms issued permits or licenses by the local
governing authority of the jurisdiction in which they operate or by the department, and
having a secure impoundment facility, shall be permitted to remove trespassing vehicles
and personal property at the request of the owner or authorized agent of the private
property. Only persons issued a permit by the department and operating in a jurisdiction
which has authorized the immobilization of trespassing vehicles by ordinance or resolution
of the governing authority shall be authorized to place an immobilization device upon a
trespassing vehicle.
(b)(1) The department shall have the authorization to regulate and control the
<del>immobilization and towing of</del> trespassing <ins>of</ins> vehicles on private property <ins>through the
attachment of immobilization devices to or the towing of such vehicles</ins> if such
immobilization or towing is performed without the prior consent or authorization of the
owner or operator of the vehicle, including the authority to set just and reasonable rates,
fares, and charges for services related to the immobilization device attachment, removal,
<ins>relocation,</ins> storage, and required notification to owners of such vehicles. No storage fees
shall be charged for the first 24 hour period which begins at the time the vehicle is removed
from the property. No fees shall be allowed for the <ins>attachment of</ins> immobilization <ins>devices
or wheel restraints</ins> or removal and storage of vehicles by persons found to be in violation
of this Code section.
(2) In accordance with subsection (d) of this Code section, the governing authority of a
municipality may require towing and storage firms to charge lower maximum rates on
traffic moving between points within such municipality than those provided by the
department's maximum rate tariff and may require higher public liability insurance limits
and cargo insurance limits than those required by the department. The governing authority
of a municipality shall not provide for higher maximum costs of immobilization, removal,
relocation, or storage than is provided for by the department.
(c) In all municipalities, except a consolidated city-county government, having a
population of 100,000 or more according to the United States decennial census of 1970 or
any future such census a person entitled to the possession of an off-street parking area or
vacant lot within an area zoned commercial by the municipality shall have the right to
remove any vehicle or trespassing personal property parked thereon after the regular
activity on such property is concluded for the day only if access to such property from the
public way is blocked by a sturdy chain, cable, or rope stretched at least 18 inches above
grade across all driveways or other ways providing access to the off-street parking area or
vacant lot and there is conspicuously posted in the area a notice, the location of which <del>must
</del> <ins>shall</ins> be approved by the municipality's police department, that any vehicle or trespassing
personal property parked thereon which is not authorized to be in such area may be
removed at the expense of the owner along with information as to where the vehicle or
trespassing personal property may be recovered, the cost of said recovery, and information
regarding the form of payment.
(d)(1) In addition to the regulatory jurisdiction of the department, the governing authority
of each municipality having towing and storage firms operating within its territorial
boundaries may require and issue a license or permit to engage in private trespass towing
within its corporate municipal limits pursuant to this Code section to any firm meeting
the qualifications imposed by said governing authority. The fee for the license or permit
shall be set by such governing authority. The maximum reasonable costs of removal,
relocation, and storage pursuant to the provisions of this Code section shall be
compensatory, as such term is used in the public utility rate-making procedures, and shall
be established annually by the governing authority of each municipality having towing
and storage firms operating within its territorial boundaries; provided, however, that no
storage fees shall be charged for the first 24 hour period which begins at the time the
vehicle is removed from the property, and no such fees shall be allowed for the removal
and storage of vehicles removed by towing and storage firms found to be in violation of
this Code section.
(2) Towing and storage firms operating within a municipality's corporate limits shall
obtain a nonconsensual towing permit from the department and shall file its registered
agent's name and address with the department. The department may assess and collect
an application fee in an amount to be determined by the commissioner and such amount
shall not exceed the total direct and indirect costs of administering the program or activity
with which the fee is associated. Pursuant to Code Section 45-12-92.1, the fees collected
shall be retained by the department and expended solely for the purpose of implementing
this Code section.
(e) Any person who suffers injury or damages as a result of a violation of this Code section
may bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction for actual damages, which shall
be presumed to be not less than $100.00, together with court costs. A court shall award
three times actual damages for an intentional violation of this Code section. <ins>Sovereign
immunity shall be specifically waived for purposes of this Code section.
</ins> (f) It shall be unlawful and punishable by a fine of $1,000.00 for any towing and storage
firm, permitted or unpermitted, licensed or unlicensed, to enter into any agreement with
any person in possession of private property to provide automatic or systematic
surveillance of such property for purposes of removal and relocation of any trespassing
vehicle or personal property except upon call by such person in possession of such private
property to such towing and storage firm for each individual case of <del>trespass; provided,
further, that it</del> <ins>trespass. It</ins> shall be unlawful and punishable by a fine of $1,000.00 for any
person to pay to any private property owner or one in possession of private property any
fee or emolument, directly or indirectly, for the right to <del>immobilize</del> <ins>attach immobilization
devices upon</ins> or remove a trespassing vehicle or personal property from said private
property.
<ins>(g) It shall be unlawful and punishable by a fine of $1,000.00 for any person or governing
authority of any county or municipality to install or attach a wheel restraint to any vehicle
which is not authorized to be at the location where such vehicle is found."
</ins> SECTION 2.
All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are repealed.

## Summaries written by Georgia Commons

The following was written by claude-sonnet-5 from the text above and is not part of the bill. Quote the text, not the summary.

A Georgia Senate bill would ban the use of wheel restraints, like tire boots or locks, on vehicles found trespassing on private property, while still allowing towing and other immobilization methods.

### Plain-language summary

Georgia law currently lets property owners immobilize or tow vehicles parked on their land without permission, using devices attached to the vehicle to stop it from being driven away. This bill rewrites part of that law (O.C.G.A. § 44-1-13) to carve out a new category called a 'wheel restraint,' defined as a boot, lock, or similar device attached to a wheel or tire, and removes wheel restraints from the broader definition of an 'immobilization device.'
The bill then adds a new rule making it illegal, punishable by a $1,000 fine, for any person or county or municipal government to attach a wheel restraint to a vehicle that is not authorized to be where it is parked. It also adds a sentence waiving sovereign immunity so lawsuits can be brought under this section, and updates fee language to mention vehicle relocation alongside removal and storage.

### What it does

- Creates a new legal definition of 'wheel restraint' covering boots, locks, or similar devices attached to a wheel or tire.
- Removes wheel restraints from the existing definition of 'immobilization device,' separating the two categories in the law.
- Makes it illegal, with a $1,000 fine, for any person or county or city government to attach a wheel restraint to a vehicle trespassing on private property.
- Adds a sentence specifically waiving sovereign immunity so people can sue under this Code section.
- Adds 'relocation' to the list of services the Department of Public Safety can set rate limits for, alongside removal and storage.

### Who it affects

Private property owners and businesses who currently boot trespassing vehicles, towing and storage companies licensed to immobilize or remove vehicles, county and municipal governments, and drivers whose vehicles are found parked without authorization on private lots.

### Why it matters

If enacted, property owners and towing companies could no longer boot a trespassing vehicle's wheel, only tow it or use other non-wheel-restraint devices, under threat of a $1,000 fine. This changes how disputes over unauthorized parking on private land get resolved in Georgia.

### Key provisions

- Section 1 revises O.C.G.A. § 44-1-13(a) to add a definition of 'wheel restraint' and exclude it from the existing 'immobilization device' definition.
- Section 1 adds new subsection (g), making it unlawful and punishable by a $1,000 fine for any person or county or municipal governing authority to install a wheel restraint on an unauthorized vehicle.
- Section 1 adds a sentence to subsection (e) waiving sovereign immunity for purposes of the Code section, allowing lawsuits over violations.
- Section 1 amends subsection (b) to add 'relocation' to the services the Department of Public Safety can regulate rates for.
- Section 2 repeals any conflicting laws.

## Status

- Status: Introduced (2026-02-20)
- Last action: Senate Read and Referred (2026-02-24)
- Sponsors: Josh McLaurin, Nikki Merritt, Sheikh Rahman, Ed Harbison, Nan Orrock, RaShaun Kemp, Tonya Anderson, Frank Ginn, Ricky Williams, John Albers, Drew Echols, Shawn Still, Marty Harbin, Clint Dixon, Harold Jones, Chuck Payne, Carden Summers, Freddie Sims, Russ Goodman, Lee Anderson, Sonya Halpern, Jaha Howard, Mike Hodges, Michael Rhett, Ed Setzler, Kim Jackson, Chuck Hufstetler, Derek Mallow, Nabilah Islam Parkes, Randal Mangham, Billy Hickman, Max Burns, David Lucas, Sam Watson, Gail Davenport, Jason T. Dickerson, Greg Dolezal, Kay Kirkpatrick, Donzella James, Elena Parent
- Official page: https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/73466

> The history, votes, and amendments (267 characters) are at https://georgiacommons.org/bills/2025-2026/sb541.md?full=1