---
title: O.C.G.A. § 11-2-201. Formal requirements; statute of frauds.
collection: code
id: 11-2-201
cite_as: O.C.G.A. § 11-2-201 (2025)
canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/11-2-201
md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/11-2-201.md
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source_url: https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/document/docs/default-source/joint-features-document-library/t11-(v9)-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=df925151_0#page=19
date: 2025
status: active
corpus_version: 2025-supplement-89aa39ab3c68
license: CC0-1.0
publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice.
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current_through: Including Acts of the 2025 Regular Session of the General Assembly
heading_path: COMMERCIAL CODE / SALES / FORM, FORMATION, AND READJUSTMENT OF CONTRACT
---

# O.C.G.A. § 11-2-201. Formal requirements; statute of frauds.

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Code section a contract for the sale of goods for the price of $500.00 or more is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless there is a record sufficient to indicate that a contract for sale has been made between the parties and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by the party’s authorized agent or broker. A record is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon but the contract is not enforceable under this subsection beyond the quantity of goods shown in the record.

(2) Between merchants if within a reasonable time a record in confirmation of the contract and sufficient against the sender is received and the party receiving it has reason to know its contents, it satisfies the requirements of subsection (1) of this Code section against the party unless notice in a record of objection to its contents is given within ten days after it is received.

(3) A contract which does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (1) of this Code section but which is valid in other respects is enforceable:

(a) If the goods are to be specially manufactured for the buyer and are not suitable for sale to others in the ordinary course of the seller’s business and the seller, before notice of repudiation is received and under circumstances which reasonably indicate that the goods are for the buyer, has made either a substantial beginning of their manufacture or commitments for their procurement; or

(b) If the party against whom enforcement is sought admits in his or her pleading, testimony, or otherwise in court that a contract for sale was made, but the contract is not enforceable under this provision beyond the quantity of goods admitted; or

(c) With respect to goods for which payment has been made and accepted or which have been received and accepted (Code Section 11-2-606).

## History

Code 1933, § 109A-2-201, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 5-8/HB 1240, effective July 1, 2024.

## Editor's Notes

Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 1-1/HB 1240, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “This Act shall be known and may be cited as the ‘Uniform Commercial Code Modernization Act of 2024.’”

Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 1-2/HB 1240, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “Nothing in this Act shall be construed to support, endorse, create, or implement a national digital currency.”

## Amendments

The 2024 amendment, effective July 1, 2024, in subsection (1), substituted “a record” for “some writing” and “the party’s” for “his” in the first sentence and, in the second sentence, substituted “record” for “writing” near the beginning, substituted “subsection” for “paragraph” in the middle, and substituted “the record” for “such writing” at the end; in subsection (2), substituted “record” for “writing” near the beginning and substituted “the party unless notice in a record” for “such party unless written notice” near the end; and, in paragraph (3)(b), inserted “or her” near the beginning.