---
title: O.C.G.A. § 11-4A-203. Unenforceability of certain verified payment orders.
collection: code
id: 11-4A-203
cite_as: O.C.G.A. § 11-4A-203 (2025)
canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/11-4A-203
md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/11-4A-203.md
text_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/11-4A-203/text
source_url: https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/document/docs/default-source/joint-features-document-library/t11-(v9)-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=df925151_0#page=48
date: 2025
status: active
corpus_version: 2025-supplement-89aa39ab3c68
license: CC0-1.0
publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice.
up: https://georgiacommons.org/code/11-4A.md
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index: https://georgiacommons.org/code/index.md
version: the only printed version
in_force: true
current_through: Including Acts of the 2025 Regular Session of the General Assembly
heading_path: COMMERCIAL CODE / FUNDS TRANSFERS / ISSUE AND ACCEPTANCE OF PAYMENT ORDER
---

# O.C.G.A. § 11-4A-203. Unenforceability of certain verified payment orders.

(a) If an accepted payment order is not, under Code Section 11-4A-202(a), an authorized order of a customer identified as sender, but is effective as an order of the customer pursuant to Code Section 11-4A-202(b), the following rules apply:

(1) By express agreement evidenced by a record, the receiving bank may limit the extent to which it is entitled to enforce or retain payment of the payment order.

(2) The receiving bank is not entitled to enforce or retain payment of the payment order if the customer proves that the order was not caused, directly or indirectly, by a person (i) entrusted at any time with duties to act for the customer with respect to payment orders or the security procedure, or (ii) who obtained access to transmitting facilities of the customer or who obtained, from a source controlled by the customer and without authority of the receiving bank, information facilitating breach of the security procedure, regardless of how the information was obtained or whether the customer was at fault. Information includes any access device, computer software, or the like.

(b) This Code section applies to amendments of payment orders to the same extent it applies to payment orders.

## History

Code 1981, § 11-4A-203, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4; Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 5-27/HB 1240, effective July 1, 2024.

## Editor's Notes

Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 1-1/HB 1240, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “This Act shall be known and may be cited as the ‘Uniform Commercial Code Modernization Act of 2024.’”

Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 1-2/HB 1240, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “Nothing in this Act shall be construed to support, endorse, create, or implement a national digital currency.”

## Amendments

The 2024 amendment, effective July 1, 2024, substituted “agreement evidenced by a record” for “written agreement” at the beginning of paragraph (a)(1).