---
title: O.C.G.A. § 11-9-105A. Control of electronic money.
collection: code
id: 11-9-105A
cite_as: O.C.G.A. § 11-9-105A (2025)
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date: 2025
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---

# O.C.G.A. § 11-9-105A. Control of electronic money.

(a) General rule: control of electronic money. A person has control of electronic money if:

(1) The electronic money, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic money, or a system in which the electronic money is recorded gives the person:

(A) Power to avail itself of substantially all the benefit from the electronic money; and

(B) Exclusive power, subject to subsection (b) of this Code section, to:

(i) Prevent others from availing themselves of substantially all the benefit from the electronic money; and

(ii) Transfer control of the electronic money to another person or cause another person to obtain control of other electronic money as a result of the transfer of the electronic money; and

(2) The electronic money, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic money, or a system in which the electronic money is recorded enables the person readily to identify itself in any way, including by name, identifying number, cryptographic key, office, or account number, as having the powers under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(b) Meaning of exclusive. Subject to subsection (c) of this Code section, a power is exclusive under subparagraphs (a)(1)(B)(i) and (a)(1)(B)(ii) of this Code section even if:

(1) The electronic money, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic money, or a system in which the electronic money is recorded limits the use of the electronic money or has a protocol programmed to cause a change, including a transfer or loss of control; or

(2) The power is shared with another person.

(c) When power not shared with another person. A power of a person is not shared with another person under paragraph (2) of subsection (b) of this Code section and the person’s power is not exclusive if:

(1) The person can exercise the power only if the power also is exercised by the other person; and

(2) The other person:

(A) Can exercise the power without exercise of the power by the person; or

(B) Is the transferor to the person of an interest in the electronic money.

(d) Presumption of exclusivity of certain powers. If a person has the powers specified in subparagraphs (a)(1)(B)(i) and (a)(1)(B)(ii) of this Code section, the powers are presumed to be exclusive.

(e) Control through another person. A person has control of electronic money if another person, other than the transferor to the person of an interest in the electronic money:

(1) Has control of the electronic money and acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the person; or

(2) Obtains control of the electronic money after having acknowledged that it will obtain control of the electronic money on behalf of the person.

## History

Code 1981, § 11-9-105A, enacted by Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 5-43/HB 1240, effective July 1, 2024.

## Editor's Notes

Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 1-1/HB 1240, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “This Act shall be known and may be cited as the ‘Uniform Commercial Code Modernization Act of 2024.’”

Ga. L. 2024, p. 817, § 1-2/HB 1240, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “Nothing in this Act shall be construed to support, endorse, create, or implement a national digital currency.”

## Effective Date

This Code section became effective July 1, 2024.