---
title: O.C.G.A. § 45-2-4. Officers to reside in state, discharge duties until successor commissioned, and have seal.
collection: code
id: 45-2-4
cite_as: O.C.G.A. § 45-2-4 (2025)
canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/45-2-4
md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/45-2-4.md
text_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/45-2-4/text
source_url: https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/document/docs/default-source/joint-features-document-library/t45-(v33)-2016-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=cde47f8a_0#page=30
date: 2025
status: active
corpus_version: 2025-supplement-89aa39ab3c68
license: CC0-1.0
publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice.
up: https://georgiacommons.org/code/45-2.md
previous: https://georgiacommons.org/code/45-2-3.md
next: https://georgiacommons.org/code/45-2-5.md
index: https://georgiacommons.org/code/index.md
version: the only printed version
in_force: true
current_through: Including Acts of the 2025 Regular Session of the General Assembly
heading_path: PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES / ELIGIBILITY AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICE / GENERAL PROVISIONS
---

# O.C.G.A. § 45-2-4. Officers to reside in state, discharge duties until successor commissioned, and have seal.

All officers of this state shall reside in this state at such places as are designated by law and shall discharge the duties of their offices until the successors are commissioned and qualified, except that public officers appointed by the Governor and subject to confirmation by the Senate shall not hold over until their successors have been appointed and confirmed; and all officers whose certificates or records or other papers are admissible in evidence in any court in this state must have and keep an official seal.

## History

Orig. Code 1863, § 128; Code 1868, § 123; Code 1873, § 132; Code 1882, § 132; Civil Code 1895, § 226; Civil Code 1910, § 261; Code 1933, § 89-105; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 45; Ga. L. 1990, p. 8, § 45.

## Cross References

Governor filling certain vacancies, § 45-12-52.

## Law Reviews

For article examining history of recall in Georgia local government law, and considering future developments, see 10 Ga. L. Rev. 883 (1976).