--- title: Title 53, Chapter 12. Trusts collection: code id: code:chapter:53-12 canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/title/53/chapter/12 md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12.md date: 2025 status: active corpus_version: 2025-supplement-89aa39ab3c68 license: CC0-1.0 publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice. up: https://georgiacommons.org/code/53.md previous: https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-11.md next: https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-13.md index: https://georgiacommons.org/code/index.md heading: TRUSTS title_heading: WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES section_count: 169 full_url: https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12.md?full=1 --- # Title 53, Chapter 12. Trusts Title 53. Wills, Trusts, and Administration of Estates 169 sections. Each line is `citation, catchline, status, URL`; the text of every section, in order, is at https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12.md?full=1 (capped, with a pointer to continue). - 53-12-1, Short title; effect on existing trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-1.md - 53-12-2, Definitions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-2.md - 53-12-3, Construction with common law and equity, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-3.md - 53-12-4, Law governing the validity of the trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-4.md - 53-12-5, Law governing the meaning and effect of trust provisions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-5.md - 53-12-6, Jurisdiction, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-6.md - 53-12-7, When trust and chapter conflict, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-7.md - 53-12-8, Notice to person permitted to bind another person; consent on behalf of another person; representation of others, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-8.md - 53-12-9, Binding nonjudicial settlement agreement, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-9.md - 53-12-20, Express trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-20.md - 53-12-21, Formal and precatory words, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-21.md - 53-12-22, Trust purposes, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-22.md - 53-12-23, Capacity of settlor, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-23.md - 53-12-24, Non-merger, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-24.md - 53-12-25, Transfer of property in trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-25.md - 53-12-26, Additions to trust property, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-26.md - 53-12-27, Construction; parol evidence, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-27.md - 53-12-28, Trusts for animals, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-28.md - 53-12-29, Conditions in terrorem in trust documents, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-29.md - 53-12-40, Revocation and modification generally, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-40.md - 53-12-41, Trustee’s consent necessary to enlarge duties, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-41.md - 53-12-42, Notice to trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-42.md - 53-12-43, Power of agent or conservator to revoke trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-43.md - 53-12-44, Trust not revocable because life estate holder has reversion, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-44.md - 53-12-45, Limitation on action contesting validity of revocable trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-45.md - 53-12-46, Duties and enforcement of trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-46.md - 53-12-60, Reformation to correct mistakes, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-60.md - 53-12-61, Power to direct modification or termination; petition to modify or terminate irrevocable trust; proceeding to approve proposed modification or termination; distribution of trust property under order for termination; waiver of notice, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-61.md - 53-12-62, Power of trustee to distribute income or principal of original trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-62.md - 53-12-63, Division and consolidation of trusts, repealed (no version in force today), https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-63.md - 53-12-64, Termination of trusts, repealed (no version in force today), https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-64.md - 53-12-65, Modification or termination of uneconomic trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-65.md - 53-12-80, Spendthrift provisions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-80.md - 53-12-81, Limitations on creditors’ rights to discretionary distributions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-81.md - 53-12-82, Rules for trusts; consideration of assets of an inter vivos marital trust following death, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-82.md - 53-12-83, Creditors’ claims against property that is subject to withdrawal right, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-83.md - 53-12-100, Short title, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-100.md - 53-12-101, Making of testamentary additions to trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-101.md - 53-12-102, Limitations of duties and responsibilities of trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-102.md - 53-12-103, Effect on prior and subsequent wills, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-103.md - 53-12-120, Trusts as beneficiaries, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-120.md - 53-12-130, Resulting trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-130.md - 53-12-131, Purchase money resulting trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-131.md - 53-12-132, Constructive trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-132.md - 53-12-133, Parol evidence and implied trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-133.md - 53-12-150, Definitions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-150.md - 53-12-151, Deeds to interests in property, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-151.md - 53-12-152, Filing of deeds and amendments thereto; filing of copies with Secretary of State, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-152.md - 53-12-153, Name of trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-153.md - 53-12-154, Certificates of beneficial interest by trustees, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-154.md - 53-12-155, Duties and powers of trustees; resignation or removal; successor trustees, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-155.md - 53-12-156, Investments by trustees, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-156.md - 53-12-157, Initial and annual returns, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-157.md - 53-12-158, How title vests on termination of estate, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-158.md - 53-12-159, Merger of trust into a domestic corporation, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-159.md - 53-12-170, Definition; charitable purposes, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-170.md - 53-12-171, Power to select purposes or beneficiaries, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-171.md - 53-12-172, Cy pres, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-172.md - 53-12-173, Duration of charitable trusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-173.md - 53-12-174, Attorney general or district attorney as representative of charitable beneficiaries, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-174.md - 53-12-175, Enforcement by settlor, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-175.md - 53-12-180, Automatic amendment of articles of incorporation of corporate private foundation, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-180.md - 53-12-181, Amendment of articles of incorporation to exclude application of Code Section 53-12-180, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-181.md - 53-12-182, Effect of Code Sections 53-12-180 and 53-12-181 as to forfeiture or reversion of trust property, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-182.md - 53-12-183, Election of private foundation to distribute such property as will enable corporation to avoid tax liability, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-183.md - 53-12-184, Effect of Code Sections 53-12-180 through 53-12-183 on powers of the courts or the Attorney General, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-184.md - 53-12-190, Automatic amendment of governing instrument of private foundation trust, charitable trust, or split-interest trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-190.md - 53-12-191, Automatic amendment of governing instrument of private foundation trust or charitable trust as to distribution of trust funds, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-191.md - 53-12-192, Amendment of governing instrument of private foundation trust, charitable trust, or split-interest trust to exclude application of Code Section 53-12-190 or 53-12-191, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-192.md - 53-12-193, Election of trustees of private foundation or charitable trust to distribute such trust principal as will enable trust to avoid tax liability; filing of written election with Attorney General; form of distribution; revocation of election, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-193.md - 53-12-194, Effect of Code Sections 53-12-190 through 53-12-193 as to forfeiture or reversion of trust property or failure of trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-194.md - 53-12-195, Effect of Code Sections 53-12-190 through 53-12-193 on powers of courts and Attorney General, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-195.md - 53-12-200, Capacity of trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-200.md - 53-12-201, Appointment and vacancies, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-201.md - 53-12-202, Acceptance, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-202.md - 53-12-203, Trustee’s bond, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-203.md - 53-12-204, Cotrustees generally, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-204.md - 53-12-210, Compensation of trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-210.md - 53-12-211, Compensation of cotrustees and successor trustees, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-211.md - 53-12-212, Extra compensation, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-212.md - 53-12-213, Reimbursement of expenses, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-213.md - 53-12-214, Compensation from business enterprise, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-214.md - 53-12-220, Resignation of trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-220.md - 53-12-221, Removal of trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-221.md - 53-12-230, Interim accounting, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-230.md - 53-12-231, Final accounting, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-231.md - 53-12-232, Equitable accounting, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-232.md - 53-12-240, Duties generally, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-240.md - 53-12-241, Duty of prudent administration, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-241.md - 53-12-242, Duty to inform as to existence of trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-242.md - 53-12-243, Duty to provide reports and accounts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-243.md - 53-12-244, Duty to distribute income, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-244.md - 53-12-245, No duty to investigate resources, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-245.md - 53-12-246, Duty to avoid conflict of interest, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-246.md - 53-12-247, Duty of impartiality, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-247.md - 53-12-248, Exercise of power of appointment, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-248.md - 53-12-260, Discretionary powers, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-260.md - 53-12-261, Powers of trustee; limitation based on fiduciary duties, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-261.md - 53-12-262, Powers of corporate fiduciaries, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-262.md - 53-12-263, Incorporation of powers by reference, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-263.md - 53-12-264, Granting of powers by qualified beneficiaries, repealed (no version in force today), https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-264.md - 53-12-270, Exercise of power by trustee who is also a beneficiary, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-270.md - 53-12-280, Certification of trust by trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-280.md - 53-12-290, How securities to be registered by corporate trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-290.md - 53-12-291, Registration where two or more fiduciaries are acting jointly, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-291.md - 53-12-292, Deposit of securities in clearing corporation, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-292.md - 53-12-300, Accountable to beneficiary; breach of trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-300.md - 53-12-301, Actions for breach of trust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-301.md - 53-12-302, Damages for breach of trust; interest, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-302.md - 53-12-303, Relief of liability, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-303.md - 53-12-304, Liability of successor trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-304.md - 53-12-305, Liability of cotrustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-305.md - 53-12-306, Action against cotrustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-306.md - 53-12-307, Limitation of actions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-307.md - 53-12-308, Personal liability of trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-308.md - 53-12-320, Nonresidents acting as trustees, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-320.md - 53-12-321, Foreign entities acting as trustees, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-321.md - 53-12-322, Acting as fiduciary; establishment of place of business prohibited; certificate of authority required, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-322.md - 53-12-323, Filing statement with Secretary of State; appointment of agent for service, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-323.md - 53-12-340, Investment standard, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-340.md - 53-12-341, Concentrated holdings and diversification, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-341.md - 53-12-342, Duties at inception of trusteeship, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-342.md - 53-12-343, Reviewing compliance, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-343.md - 53-12-344, Language invoking application of article, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-344.md - 53-12-345, Delegation, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-345.md - 53-12-360, Duty of trustee as to receipts and disbursements within scope of Article 17, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-360.md - 53-12-361, Power of adjustment, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-361.md - 53-12-362, Conversion to unitrust, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-362.md - 53-12-363, Abuse of trustee’s discretion, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-363.md - 53-12-364, Express total return unitrusts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-364.md - 53-12-380, Short title, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-380.md - 53-12-381, Definitions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-381.md - 53-12-390, Payment of interest on pecuniary amount, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-390.md - 53-12-391, Payment of expenses, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-391.md - 53-12-400, When the right to income begins and ends, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-400.md - 53-12-401, Apportionment of receipts and disbursements when decedent dies or income interest begins, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-401.md - 53-12-402, Apportionment when income interest ends, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-402.md - 53-12-410, Character of receipts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-410.md - 53-12-411, Distribution from trust or estate, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-411.md - 53-12-412, Business and other activities conducted by trustee, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-412.md - 53-12-420, Principal receipts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-420.md - 53-12-421, Rental property, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-421.md - 53-12-422, Obligation to pay money, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-422.md - 53-12-423, Insurance policies and similar contracts, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-423.md - 53-12-424, Insubstantial allocations not required, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-424.md - 53-12-425, Deferred compensation, annuities, and similar payments, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-425.md - 53-12-426, Liquidating asset, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-426.md - 53-12-427, Minerals, water, and other natural resources, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-427.md - 53-12-428, Timber, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-428.md - 53-12-429, Property not productive of income, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-429.md - 53-12-430, Derivatives and options, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-430.md - 53-12-431, Asset-backed securities, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-431.md - 53-12-450, Disbursements from income, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-450.md - 53-12-451, Disbursements from principal, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-451.md - 53-12-452, Transfers from income to principal for depreciation, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-452.md - 53-12-453, Transfers from income to reimburse principal, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-453.md - 53-12-454, Income taxes, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-454.md - 53-12-455, Adjustments between principal and income because of taxes, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-455.md - 53-12-500, Definitions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-500.md - 53-12-501, Application of article; construction of trust instrument, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-501.md - 53-12-502, Authority, procedures, and powers of trust directors, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-502.md - 53-12-503, Role of directors; petitioning court for instructions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-503.md - 53-12-504, Directed trustees; role; trustee’s duty as to directed trustee; petitioning court for instructions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-504.md - 53-12-505, Relief from duty and liability, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-505.md - 53-12-506, Eligibility; applicable rules, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-506.md - 53-12-510, Definitions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-510.md - 53-12-511, Method of providing notice, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-511.md - 53-12-512, Application, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-512.md - 53-12-513, Construction with federal provisions, active, https://georgiacommons.org/code/53-12-513.md