--- title: "Constitution of the State of Georgia: index" collection: code id: ga-const:index canonical_url: https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga md_url: https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/index.md date: 2025 status: active corpus_version: 2025-supplement-89aa39ab3c68 license: CC0-1.0 publisher: Georgia Commons, an independent project of Georgia Civic Data. Not the State of Georgia. Not legal advice. up: https://georgiacommons.org/code/index.md index: https://georgiacommons.org/code/index.md record_count: 290 current_through: Including Acts of the 2025 Regular Session of the General Assembly edition: 2016 --- # Constitution of the State of Georgia 290 provisions as printed in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated. Each line is `citation, catchline, URL`. A constitution provision shown as in force is in force as printed in the volume. A court decision can make a printed provision unenforceable without changing the volume, and the volume does not record that. - Preamble, Preamble, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/preamble.md ## Article I. Bill of Rights - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. I, Life, liberty, and property, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. II, Protection to person and property; equal protection, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. III, Freedom of conscience, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. IV, Religious opinions; freedom of religion, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-iv.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. V, Freedom of speech and of the press guaranteed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-v.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. VI, Libel, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-vi.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. VII, Citizens, protection of, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-vii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. VIII, Arms, right to keep and bear, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-viii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. IX, Right to assemble and petition, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-ix.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. X, Bill of attainder; ex post facto laws; and retroactive laws, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-x.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XI, Right to trial by jury; number of jurors; selection and compensation of jurors, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xi.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XII, Right to the courts, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XIII, Searches, seizures, and warrants, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xiii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XIV, Benefit of counsel; accusation; list of witnesses; compulsory process, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xiv.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XV, Habeas corpus, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xv.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XVI, Self-incrimination, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xvi.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XVII, Bail; fines; punishment; arrest, abuse of prisoners, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xvii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XVIII, Jeopardy of life or liberty more than once forbidden, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xviii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XIX, Treason, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xix.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XX, Conviction, effect of, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xx.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXI, Banishment and whipping as punishment for crime, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxi.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXII, Involuntary servitude, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXIII, Imprisonment for debt, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxiii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXIV, Costs, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxiv.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXV, Status of the citizen, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxv.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXVI, Exemptions from levy and sale, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxvi.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXVII, Spouse’s separate property, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxvii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXVIII, Fishing and hunting, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxviii.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXIX, Enumeration of rights not denial of others, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxix.md - Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XXX, Rights of certain individuals, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-i-para-xxx.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. I, Origin and foundation of government, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. II, Object of government, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. III, Separation of legislative, judicial, and executive powers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-iii.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. IV, Contempts, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-iv.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. V, What acts void, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-v.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. VI, Superiority of civil authority, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-vi.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. VII, Separation of church and state, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-vii.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. VIII, Lotteries and nonprofit bingo games, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-viii.md - Art. I, Sec. II, Para. IX, Sovereign immunity and waiver thereof; claims against the state and its departments, agencies, officers, and employees, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-ii-para-ix.md - Art. I, Sec. III, Para. I, Eminent domain, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. I, Sec. III, Para. II, Private ways, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-iii-para-ii.md - Art. I, Sec. III, Para. III, Tidewater titles confirmed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-iii-para-iii.md - Art. I, Sec. IV, Para. I, Recognition of marriage, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-i-sec-iv-para-i.md ## Article II. Voting and Elections - Art. II, Sec. I, Para. I, Method of voting, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. II, Sec. I, Para. II, Right to register and vote, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. II, Sec. I, Para. III, Exceptions to right to register and vote, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. II, Sec. II, Para. I, Procedures to be provided by law, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. II, Sec. II, Para. II, Run-off election, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. II, Sec. II, Para. III, Persons not eligible to hold office, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-ii-para-iii.md - Art. II, Sec. II, Para. IV, Recall of public officials holding elective office, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-ii-para-iv.md - Art. II, Sec. II, Para. V, Vacancies created by elected officials qualifying for other office, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-ii-para-v.md - Art. II, Sec. III, Para. I, Procedures for and effect of suspending or removing public officials upon felony indictment, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. II, Sec. III, Para. II, Suspension upon felony conviction, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ii-sec-iii-para-ii.md ## Article III. Legislative Branch - Art. III, Sec. I, Para. I, Power vested in General Assembly, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. II, Para. I, Senate and House of Representatives, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. II, Para. II, Apportionment of General Assembly, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. II, Para. III, Qualifications of members of General Assembly, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ii-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. II, Para. IV, Disqualifications, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ii-para-iv.md - Art. III, Sec. II, Para. V, Election and term of members, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ii-para-v.md - Art. III, Sec. III, Para. I, President and President Pro Tempore of the Senate, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. III, Para. II, Speaker and Speaker Pro Tempore of the House of Representatives, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iii-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. III, Para. III, Other officers of the two houses, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iii-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. I, Meeting, time limit, and adjournment, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. II, Oath of members, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. III, Quorum, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. IV, Rules of procedure; employees; interim committees, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-iv.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. V, Vacancies, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-v.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. VI, Salaries, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-vi.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. VII, Election and returns; disorderly conduct, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-vii.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. VIII, Contempts, how punished, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-viii.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. IX, Privilege of members, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-ix.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. X, Elections by either house, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-x.md - Art. III, Sec. IV, Para. XI, Open meetings, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-iv-para-xi.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. I, Journals and laws, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. II, Bills for revenue, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. III, One subject matter expressed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. IV, Statutes and sections of Code, how amended, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-iv.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. V, Majority of members to pass bill, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-v.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. VI, When roll-call vote taken, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-vi.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. VII, Reading of general bills, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-vii.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. VIII, Procedure for considering local legislation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-viii.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. IX, Advertisement of notice to introduce local legislation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-ix.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. X, Acts signed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-x.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. XI, Signature of Governor, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-xi.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. XII, Rejected bills, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-xii.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. XIII, Approval, veto, and override of veto of bills and resolutions, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-xiii.md - Art. III, Sec. V, Para. XIV, Jointly sponsored bills and resolutions, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-v-para-xiv.md - Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. I, General powers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vi-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. II, Specific powers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vi-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. III, Powers not to be abridged, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vi-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. IV, Limitations on special legislation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vi-para-iv.md - Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. V, Specific limitations, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vi-para-v.md - Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. VI, Gratuities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vi-para-vi.md - Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. VII, Regulation of alcoholic beverages, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vi-para-vii.md - Art. III, Sec. VII, Para. I, Power to impeach, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vii-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. VII, Para. II, Trial of impeachments, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vii-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. VII, Para. III, Judgments in impeachment, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-vii-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. VIII, Para. I, Regulation of insurance, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-viii-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. VIII, Para. II, Issuance of licenses, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-viii-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. IX, Para. I, Public money, how drawn, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ix-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. IX, Para. II, Preparation, submission, and enactments of general appropriations bill, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ix-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. IX, Para. III, General appropriations bill, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ix-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. IX, Para. IV, General appropriations Act, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ix-para-iv.md - Art. III, Sec. IX, Para. V, Other or supplementary appropriations, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ix-para-v.md - Art. III, Sec. IX, Para. VI, Appropriations to be for specific sums, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ix-para-vi.md - Art. III, Sec. IX, Para. VII, Appropriations void, when, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-ix-para-vii.md - Art. III, Sec. X, Para. I, Expenditure of public funds authorized, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-x-para-i.md - Art. III, Sec. X, Para. II, Increasing benefits authorized, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-x-para-ii.md - Art. III, Sec. X, Para. III, Retirement systems covering employees of county boards of education, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-x-para-iii.md - Art. III, Sec. X, Para. IV, Firemen’s pension system, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-x-para-iv.md - Art. III, Sec. X, Para. V, Funding standards, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-x-para-v.md - Art. III, Sec. X, Para. V-A, Limitation on involuntary separation benefits for Governor of the State of Georgia, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-x-para-v-a.md - Art. III, Sec. X, Para. VI, Involuntary separation; part-time service, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iii-sec-x-para-vi.md ## Article IV. Constitutional Boards and Commissions - Art. IV, Sec. I, Para. I, Public Service Commission, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. IV, Sec. II, Para. I, State Board of Pardons and Paroles, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. IV, Sec. II, Para. II, Powers and authority, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. IV, Sec. III, Para. I, State Personnel Board, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. IV, Sec. III, Para. II, Veterans preference, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-iii-para-ii.md - Art. IV, Sec. IV, Para. I, State Transportation Board; commissioner, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-iv-para-i.md - Art. IV, Sec. V, Para. I, Veterans Service Board; commissioner, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-v-para-i.md - Art. IV, Sec. VI, Para. I, Board of Natural Resources, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-vi-para-i.md - Art. IV, Sec. VII, Para. I, Qualifications, compensation, and removal from office, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-vii-para-i.md - Art. IV, Sec. VII, Para. II, Powers and duties, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-iv-sec-vii-para-ii.md ## Article V. Executive Branch - Art. V, Sec. I, Para. I, Governor: term of office; compensation and allowances, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. V, Sec. I, Para. II, Election for Governor, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. V, Sec. I, Para. III, Lieutenant Governor, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. V, Sec. I, Para. IV, Qualifications of Governor and Lieutenant Governor, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-i-para-iv.md - Art. V, Sec. I, Para. V, Succession to executive power, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-i-para-v.md - Art. V, Sec. I, Para. VI, Oath of office, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-i-para-vi.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. I, Executive powers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. II, Law enforcement, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. III, Commander in chief, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-iii.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. IV, Veto power, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-iv.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. V, Writs of election, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-v.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. VI, Information and recommendations to the General Assembly, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-vi.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. VII, Special sessions of the General Assembly, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-vii.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. VIII, Filling vacancies, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-viii.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. IX, Appointments by Governor, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-ix.md - Art. V, Sec. II, Para. X, Information from officers and employees, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-ii-para-x.md - Art. V, Sec. III, Para. I, Other executive officers, how elected, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. V, Sec. III, Para. II, Qualifications, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-iii-para-ii.md - Art. V, Sec. III, Para. III, Powers, duties, compensation, and allowances of other executive officers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-iii-para-iii.md - Art. V, Sec. III, Para. IV, Attorney General; duties, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-iii-para-iv.md - Art. V, Sec. IV, Para. I, ‘‘Elected constitutional executive officer,’’ how defined, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-iv-para-i.md - Art. V, Sec. IV, Para. II, Procedure for determining disability, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-iv-para-ii.md - Art. V, Sec. IV, Para. III, Effect of determination of disability, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-v-sec-iv-para-iii.md ## Article VI. Judicial Branch - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. I, Judicial power of the state, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. II, Unified judicial system, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. III, Judges; exercise of power outside own court; scope of term ‘‘judge.’’, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. IV, Exercise of judicial power, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-iv.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. V, Uniformity of jurisdiction, powers, etc, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-v.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. VI, Judicial circuits; courts in each county; court sessions, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-vi.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. VII, Judicial circuits, courts, and judgeships, law changed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-vii.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. VIII, Transfer of cases, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-viii.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. IX, Rules of evidence; law prescribed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-ix.md - Art. VI, Sec. I, Para. X, Authorization for pilot projects, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-i-para-x.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. I, Divorce cases, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. II, Land titles, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. III, Equity cases, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-iii.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. IV, Suits against joint obligors, copartners, or joint trespassers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-iv.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. V, Suits against maker, endorser, etc, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-v.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. VI, All other cases, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-vi.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. VII, Venue in third-party practice, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-vii.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. VIII, Power to change venue, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-viii.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. IX, Venue of state-wide business court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-ix.md - Art. VI, Sec. II, Para. X, Venue of Georgia Tax Court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ii-para-x.md - Art. VI, Sec. III, Para. I, Jurisdiction of classes of courts of limited jurisdiction, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. III, Para. II, Jurisdiction of state-wide business court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-iii-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. III, Para. III, Jurisdiction of Georgia Tax Court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-iii-para-iii.md - Art. VI, Sec. IV, Para. I, Jurisdiction of superior courts, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-iv-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. V, Para. I, Composition of Court of Appeals; Chief Judge, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-v-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. V, Para. II, Panels as prescribed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-v-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. V, Para. III, Jurisdiction of Court of Appeals; decisions binding, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-v-para-iii.md - Art. VI, Sec. V, Para. IV, Certification of question to Supreme Court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-v-para-iv.md - Art. VI, Sec. V, Para. V, Equal division of court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-v-para-v.md - Art. VI, Sec. VI, Para. I, Composition of Supreme Court; Chief Justice; Presiding Justice; quorum; substitute judges, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vi-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. VI, Para. II, Exclusive appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vi-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. VI, Para. III, General appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vi-para-iii.md - Art. VI, Sec. VI, Para. IV, Jurisdiction over questions of law from state appellate or federal district or appellate courts, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vi-para-iv.md - Art. VI, Sec. VI, Para. V, Review of cases in Court of Appeals, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vi-para-v.md - Art. VI, Sec. VI, Para. VI, Decisions of Supreme Court binding, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vi-para-vi.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. I, Selection; term of office, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. II, Qualifications, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. III, Vacancies, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-iii.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. IV, Period of service of appointees, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-iv.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. V, Compensation and allowances of judges, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-v.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. VI, Judicial Qualifications Commission; power; composition, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-vi.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. VII, Discipline, removal, and involuntary retirement of judges, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-vii.md - Art. VI, Sec. VII, Para. VIII, Due process; review by Supreme Court, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-vii-para-viii.md - Art. VI, Sec. VIII, Para. I, District attorneys; vacancies; qualifications; compensation; duties; immunity, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-viii-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. VIII, Para. II, Discipline, removal, and involuntary retirement of district attorneys, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-viii-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. IX, Para. I, Administration of the judicial system; uniform court rules; advice and consent of councils, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ix-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. IX, Para. II, Disposition of cases, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-ix-para-ii.md - Art. VI, Sec. X, Para. I, Effect of ratification, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-x-para-i.md - Art. VI, Sec. X, Para. II, Continuation of judges, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vi-sec-x-para-ii.md ## Article VII. Taxation and Finance - Art. VII, Sec. I, Para. I, Taxation; limitations on grants of tax powers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. VII, Sec. I, Para. II, Taxing power limited, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. VII, Sec. I, Para. III, Uniformity; classification of property; assessment of agricultural land; utilities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. VII, Sec. II, Para. I, Unauthorized tax exemptions void, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. VII, Sec. II, Para. II, Exemptions from taxation of property, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. VII, Sec. II, Para. III, Exemptions which may be authorized locally, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-ii-para-iii.md - Art. VII, Sec. II, Para. IV, Current property tax exemptions preserved, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-ii-para-iv.md - Art. VII, Sec. II, Para. V, Disabled veteran’s homestead exemption, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-ii-para-v.md - Art. VII, Sec. IIA, Para. I, State grants; adjustment amount, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iia-para-i.md - Art. VII, Sec. III, Para. I, Taxation; purposes for which powers may be exercised, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. VII, Sec. III, Para. II, Revenue to be paid into general fund, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iii-para-ii.md - Art. VII, Sec. III, Para. III, Grants to counties and municipalities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iii-para-iii.md - Art. VII, Sec. III, Para. IV, Increase in state income tax rate prohibited, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iii-para-iv.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. I, Purposes for which debt may be incurred, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-i.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. II, State general obligation debt and guaranteed revenue debt; limitations, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-ii.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. III, State general obligation debt and guaranteed revenue debt; conditions upon issuance; sinking funds and reserve funds, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-iii.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. IV, Certain contracts prohibited, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-iv.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. V, Refunding of debt, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-v.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. VI, Faith and credit of state pledged debt may be validated, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-vi.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. VII, Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission; duties, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-vii.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. VIII, State aid forbidden, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-viii.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. IX, Construction, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-ix.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. X, Assumption of debts forbidden; exceptions, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-x.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. XI, Section not to unlawfully impair contracts or revive obligations previously voided, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-xi.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. XII, Multiyear contracts for energy efficiency or conservation improvement, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-xii.md - Art. VII, Sec. IV, Para. XIII, Multiyear rental agreements, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-vii-sec-iv-para-xiii.md ## Article VIII. Education - Art. VIII, Sec. I, Para. I, Public education; free public education prior to college or postsecondary level; support by taxation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. VIII, Sec. II, Para. I, State Board of Education, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. VIII, Sec. III, Para. I, State School Superintendent, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. VIII, Sec. IV, Para. I, University System of Georgia; board of regents, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-iv-para-i.md - Art. VIII, Sec. V, Para. I, School systems continued; consolidation of school systems authorized; new independent school systems prohibited, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-v-para-i.md - Art. VIII, Sec. V, Para. II, Boards of education, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-v-para-ii.md - Art. VIII, Sec. V, Para. III, School superintendents, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-v-para-iii.md - Art. VIII, Sec. V, Para. IV, Reserved, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-v-para-iv.md - Art. VIII, Sec. V, Para. V, Power of boards to contract with each other, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-v-para-v.md - Art. VIII, Sec. V, Para. VI, Power of boards to accept bequests, donations, grants, and transfers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-v-para-vi.md - Art. VIII, Sec. V, Para. VII, Special schools, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-v-para-vii.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VI, Para. I, Local taxation for education, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vi-para-i.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VI, Para. II, Increasing or removing tax rate, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vi-para-ii.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VI, Para. III, School tax collection reimbursement, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vi-para-iii.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VI, Para. IV, Sales tax for educational purposes, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vi-para-iv.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VII, Para. I, Educational assistance programs authorized, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vii-para-i.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VII, Para. II, Guaranteed revenue debt, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vii-para-ii.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VII, Para. III, Public authorities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vii-para-iii.md - Art. VIII, Sec. VII, Para. IV, Waiver of tuition, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-viii-sec-vii-para-iv.md ## Article IX. Counties and Municipal Corporations - Art. IX, Sec. I, Para. I, Counties a body corporate and politic, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. IX, Sec. I, Para. II, Number of counties limited; county boundaries and county sites; county consolidation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. IX, Sec. I, Para. III, County officers; election; term; compensation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. IX, Sec. I, Para. IV, Civil service systems, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-i-para-iv.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. I, Home rule for counties, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-i.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. II, Home rule for municipalities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-ii.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. III, Supplementary powers, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-iii.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. IV, Planning and zoning, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-iv.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. V, Eminent domain, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-v.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. VI, Special districts, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-vi.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. VII, Community redevelopment, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-vii.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. VIII, Limitation on the taxing power and contributions of counties, municipalities, and political subdivisions, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-viii.md - Art. IX, Sec. II, Para. IX, Immunity of counties, municipalities, and school districts, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-ii-para-ix.md - Art. IX, Sec. III, Para. I, Intergovernmental contracts, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-iii-para-i.md - Art. IX, Sec. III, Para. II, Local government reorganization, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-iii-para-ii.md - Art. IX, Sec. IV, Para. I, Power of taxation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-iv-para-i.md - Art. IX, Sec. IV, Para. II, Power of expenditure, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-iv-para-ii.md - Art. IX, Sec. IV, Para. III, Purposes of taxation; allocation of taxes, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-iv-para-iii.md - Art. IX, Sec. IV, Para. IV, Tax allocation; regional facilities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-iv-para-iv.md - Art. IX, Sec. V, Para. I, Debt limitations of counties, municipalities, and other political subdivisions, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-v-para-i.md - Art. IX, Sec. V, Para. II, Special district debt, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-v-para-ii.md - Art. IX, Sec. V, Para. III, Refunding of outstanding indebtedness, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-v-para-iii.md - Art. IX, Sec. V, Para. IV, Exceptions to debt limitations, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-v-para-iv.md - Art. IX, Sec. V, Para. V, Temporary loans authorized, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-v-para-v.md - Art. IX, Sec. V, Para. VI, Levy of taxes to pay bonds; sinking fund required, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-v-para-vi.md - Art. IX, Sec. V, Para. VII, Validity of prior bond issues, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-v-para-vii.md - Art. IX, Sec. VI, Para. I, Revenue bonds; general limitations, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vi-para-i.md - Art. IX, Sec. VI, Para. II, Revenue bonds; special limitations, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vi-para-ii.md - Art. IX, Sec. VI, Para. III, Development authorities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vi-para-iii.md - Art. IX, Sec. VI, Para. IV, Validation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vi-para-iv.md - Art. IX, Sec. VI, Para. V, Validity of prior revenue bond issues, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vi-para-v.md - Art. IX, Sec. VII, Para. I, Creation, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vii-para-i.md - Art. IX, Sec. VII, Para. II, Purposes, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vii-para-ii.md - Art. IX, Sec. VII, Para. III, Administration, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vii-para-iii.md - Art. IX, Sec. VII, Para. IV, Debt, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vii-para-iv.md - Art. IX, Sec. VII, Para. V, Cooperation with local governments, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vii-para-v.md - Art. IX, Sec. VII, Para. VI, Regulation by general law, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-ix-sec-vii-para-vi.md ## Article X. Amendments to the Constitution - Art. X, Sec. I, Para. I, Proposals to amend the Constitution; new Constitution, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-x-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. X, Sec. I, Para. II, Proposals by the General Assembly; submission to the people, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-x-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. X, Sec. I, Para. III, Repeal or amendment of proposal, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-x-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. X, Sec. I, Para. IV, Constitutional convention; how called, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-x-sec-i-para-iv.md - Art. X, Sec. I, Para. V, Veto not permitted, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-x-sec-i-para-v.md - Art. X, Sec. I, Para. VI, Effective date of amendments or of a new Constitution, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-x-sec-i-para-vi.md ## Article XI. Miscellaneous Provisions - Art. XI, Sec. I, Para. I, Continuation of officers, boards, commissions, and authorities, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-xi-sec-i-para-i.md - Art. XI, Sec. I, Para. II, Preservation of existing laws; judicial review, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-xi-sec-i-para-ii.md - Art. XI, Sec. I, Para. III, Proceedings of courts and administrative tribunals confirmed, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-xi-sec-i-para-iii.md - Art. XI, Sec. I, Para. IV, Continuation of certain constitutional amendments for a period of four years, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-xi-sec-i-para-iv.md - Art. XI, Sec. I, Para. V, Special commission created, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-xi-sec-i-para-v.md - Art. XI, Sec. I, Para. VI, Effective date, https://georgiacommons.org/constitution/ga/art-xi-sec-i-para-vi.md