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Georgia Commons

Título 14. CORPORATIONS, PARTNERSHIPS, AND ASSOCIATIONS

Capítulo 2. BUSINESS CORPORATIONS

257 secciones · 14-2-101 a 14-2-1807

Legible por máquinas https://georgiacommons.org/code/14-2.md · https://georgiacommons.org/code/index.md · MCP https://mcp.georgiacommons.org/mcp

Artículo 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS · Parte 1. SHORT TITLE AND RESERVATION OF POWER

  1. 14-2-101Short title.
  2. 14-2-102Reservation of power to amend or repeal.
  3. 14-2-103Independent legal significance of chapter provisions.
  4. 14-2-104Effect of order for bankruptcy relief upon powers and duties of corporation.

Artículo 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS · Parte 2. FILING DOCUMENTS

  1. 14-2-120Filing requirements.
  2. 14-2-121Forms.
  3. 14-2-121.1Valid period for annual registration.
  4. 14-2-122Filing fees and penalties.
  5. 14-2-123Effective time and date of document.
  6. 14-2-124Correcting filed document.
  7. 14-2-125Filing duty of Secretary of State.
  8. 14-2-126Appeal from Secretary of State’s refusal to file document.
  9. 14-2-127Evidence of filing.
  10. 14-2-128Certificate of existence.
  11. 14-2-129Penalty for signing false document.

Artículo 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS · Parte 3. SECRETARY OF STATE

  1. 14-2-130Powers.

Artículo 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS · Parte 4. DEFINITIONS

  1. 14-2-140Definitions.
  2. 14-2-141Notice.
  3. 14-2-142Number of shareholders.

Artículo 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS · Parte 5. EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS

  1. 14-2-150Signatures.
  2. 14-2-151Secretary or assistant secretary of corporation to authenticate records of corporation; reliance on affixed seal by third party.

Artículo 2. INCORPORATION

  1. 14-2-201Incorporators.
  2. 14-2-201.1Publication of notice of intent to file articles of incorporation.
  3. 14-2-202Articles of incorporation.
  4. 14-2-203Incorporation.
  5. 14-2-204Liability for preincorporation transactions.
  6. 14-2-205Organization of corporation.
  7. 14-2-206Bylaws.
  8. 14-2-207Emergency bylaws.

Artículo 3. PURPOSES AND POWERS

  1. 14-2-301Purposes.
  2. 14-2-302General powers.
  3. 14-2-303Emergency powers.
  4. 14-2-304Ultra vires.
  5. 14-2-305Submission of certain matters to shareholder vote.

Artículo 4. NAME

  1. 14-2-401Corporate name.
  2. 14-2-402name.Reservada
  3. 14-2-403Registered name.Derogada

Artículo 5. OFFICE AND AGENT · Parte 1. REGISTERED AGENTS AND SERVICE OF PROCESS

  1. 14-2-501Registered office and registered agent.
  2. 14-2-502Change of registered office or registered agent.
  3. 14-2-503Resignation of registered agent.
  4. 14-2-504Service on corporation.

Artículo 5. OFFICE AND AGENT · Parte 2. VENUE

  1. 14-2-510Venue.

Artículo 6. SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS · Parte 1. SHARES

  1. 14-2-601Authorized shares.
  2. 14-2-602Terms of class or series determined by board of directors.
  3. 14-2-603Issued and outstanding shares.
  4. 14-2-604Fractional shares.

Artículo 6. SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS · Parte 2. ISSUANCE OF SHARES

  1. 14-2-620Subscription for shares before incorporation.
  2. 14-2-621Issuance of shares.
  3. 14-2-622Liability of shareholders.
  4. 14-2-623Share dividends.
  5. 14-2-624Share options.
  6. 14-2-625Form and content of certificates.
  7. 14-2-626Shares without certificates.
  8. 14-2-627Restriction on transfer of shares and other securities.
  9. 14-2-628Expense of issue.

Artículo 6. SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS · Parte 3. SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITION OF SHARES BY SHAREHOLDERS AND CORPORATION

  1. 14-2-630Shareholders’ preemptive rights.
  2. 14-2-631Corporation’s acquisition of its own shares.

Artículo 6. SHARES AND DISTRIBUTIONS · Parte 4. DISTRIBUTIONS

  1. 14-2-640Distributions to shareholders.
  2. 14-2-641Effect of failure to present securities for redemption, surrender, cancellation, or payment.

Artículo 7. SHAREHOLDERS · Parte 1. MEETINGS

  1. 14-2-701Annual meeting.
  2. 14-2-702Special meeting.
  3. 14-2-703Court-ordered meeting.
  4. 14-2-704Action without meeting.
  5. 14-2-705Notice of meeting.
  6. 14-2-706Waiver of notice.
  7. 14-2-707Record date.
  8. 14-2-708Shareholder and proxies’ participation by remote communication.

Artículo 7. SHAREHOLDERS · Parte 2. VOTING

  1. 14-2-720Shareholders’ list for meeting.
  2. 14-2-721Voting entitlement of shares.
  3. 14-2-722Proxies.
  4. 14-2-723Shares held by nominees.
  5. 14-2-724Corporation’s acceptance of votes.
  6. 14-2-725Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups.
  7. 14-2-726Action by single and multiple voting groups.
  8. 14-2-727Greater or lesser quorum or voting requirements.
  9. 14-2-728Voting for directors; cumulative voting.
  10. 14-2-729Adjournment of meeting by majority of voting shares.
  11. 14-2-729.1Inspectors.

Artículo 7. SHAREHOLDERS · Parte 3. VOTING TRUSTS AND AGREEMENTS

  1. 14-2-730Voting trusts.
  2. 14-2-731Shareholder agreements.
  3. 14-2-732Shareholder agreements.

Artículo 7. SHAREHOLDERS · Parte 4. DERIVATIVE PROCEEDINGS

  1. 14-2-740Definitions.
  2. 14-2-741Standing.
  3. 14-2-742Demand.
  4. 14-2-743Stay of proceedings.
  5. 14-2-744Dismissal.
  6. 14-2-745Discontinuance or settlement.
  7. 14-2-746Payment of expenses.
  8. 14-2-747Applicability to foreign corporations.

Artículo 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS · Parte 1. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

  1. 14-2-801Requirement for and functions of board of directors.
  2. 14-2-802Qualifications of directors.
  3. 14-2-803Number and election of directors.
  4. 14-2-804Election of directors by certain classes of shareholders.
  5. 14-2-805Terms of directors generally.
  6. 14-2-806Staggered terms for directors.
  7. 14-2-807Resignation of directors.
  8. 14-2-808Removal of directors by shareholders.
  9. 14-2-809(sin encabezado impreso)Reservada
  10. 14-2-810Vacancy on board.
  11. 14-2-811Compensation of directors.

Artículo 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS · Parte 2. MEETINGS AND ACTION OF THE BOARD

  1. 14-2-820Meetings.
  2. 14-2-821Action without meeting.
  3. 14-2-822Notice of meeting.
  4. 14-2-823Waiver of notice.
  5. 14-2-824Quorum and voting.
  6. 14-2-825Committees.

Artículo 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS · Parte 3. STANDARDS OF CONDUCT

  1. 14-2-830General standards for directors; presumption of good faith and ordinary care.
  2. 14-2-831Derivative actions against directors and officers.
  3. 14-2-832Liability for unlawful distributions.

Artículo 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS · Parte 4. OFFICERS

  1. 14-2-840Officers.
  2. 14-2-841Functions of officers.
  3. 14-2-842Standards of conduct for officers; presumption of good faith and ordinary care.
  4. 14-2-843Resignation and removal of officers.
  5. 14-2-844Contract rights of officers.

Artículo 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS · Parte 5. INDEMNIFICATION

  1. 14-2-850Definitions.
  2. 14-2-851Authority to indemnify.
  3. 14-2-852Mandatory indemnification.
  4. 14-2-853Advance for expenses.
  5. 14-2-854Court ordered indemnification and advances for expenses.
  6. 14-2-855Determination and authorization of indemnification.
  7. 14-2-856Shareholder approved indemnification.
  8. 14-2-857Indemnification of officers, employees, and agents.
  9. 14-2-858Insurance.
  10. 14-2-859Application of part.

Artículo 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS · Parte 6. CONFLICTING INTEREST TRANSACTIONS

  1. 14-2-860Definitions.
  2. 14-2-861Judicial action.
  3. 14-2-862Directors’ action.
  4. 14-2-863Shareholders’ action.
  5. 14-2-864Definitions; officer’s conflicting interest transactions.

Artículo 8. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS · Parte 7. DISCLAIMER OF BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

  1. 14-2-870Procedures for disclaimer of business opportunities.

Artículo 9. CLOSE CORPORATIONS · Parte 1. CREATION

  1. 14-2-901Application of Business Corporation Code and Professional Corporation Act.
  2. 14-2-902Definition and election of statutory close corporation status.

Artículo 9. CLOSE CORPORATIONS · Parte 2. SHARES

  1. 14-2-910Notice of statutory close corporation status on issued shares.
  2. 14-2-911Share transfer prohibition.
  3. 14-2-912Share transfer after first refusal by corporation.
  4. 14-2-913Attempted share transfer in breach of prohibition.
  5. 14-2-914Compulsory purchase of shares after death of shareholder.
  6. 14-2-915Exercise of compulsory purchase right.
  7. 14-2-916Court action to compel purchase.
  8. 14-2-917Court costs and other expenses.

Artículo 9. CLOSE CORPORATIONS · Parte 3. GOVERNANCE

  1. 14-2-920Shareholder agreements.
  2. 14-2-921Special terms and powers of directors.
  3. 14-2-922Elimination of board of directors.
  4. 14-2-923Bylaws.
  5. 14-2-924Annual meeting.
  6. 14-2-925Execution of documents in more than one capacity.
  7. 14-2-926Limited liability.

Artículo 9. CLOSE CORPORATIONS · Parte 4. REORGANIZATION AND TERMINATION

  1. 14-2-930Merger, share exchange, and sale of assets.
  2. 14-2-931Termination of statutory close corporation status.
  3. 14-2-932Effect of termination of statutory close corporation status.
  4. 14-2-933Shareholder option to dissolve corporation.

Artículo 9. CLOSE CORPORATIONS · Parte 5. JUDICIAL SUPERVISION

  1. 14-2-940Court action to protect shareholders.
  2. 14-2-941Ordinary relief.
  3. 14-2-942Extraordinary relief; share purchase.
  4. 14-2-943Extraordinary relief; dissolution.

Artículo 9. CLOSE CORPORATIONS · Parte 6. TRANSITION PROVISIONS

  1. 14-2-950Application to existing corporations.

Artículo 10. AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS · Parte 1. AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

  1. 14-2-1001Authority to amend.
  2. 14-2-1002Amendment by board of directors.
  3. 14-2-1003Amendment by board of directors and shareholders.
  4. 14-2-1004Voting on amendments by voting groups.
  5. 14-2-1005Amendment before issuance of shares.
  6. 14-2-1006Articles of amendment.
  7. 14-2-1006.1Publication of notice of change of name.
  8. 14-2-1007Restated articles of incorporation.
  9. 14-2-1008Amendment pursuant to reorganization.Derogada
  10. 14-2-1009Effect of amendment.

Artículo 10. AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS · Parte 2. AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

  1. 14-2-1020Amendment by board of directors or shareholders.
  2. 14-2-1021Bylaw increasing quorum or voting requirement for shareholders.
  3. 14-2-1022Bylaw increasing quorum or voting requirement for directors.

Artículo 11. MERGER AND SHARE EXCHANGE · Parte 1. MERGER AND SHARE EXCHANGE

  1. 14-2-1101Merger.
  2. 14-2-1102Share exchange.
  3. 14-2-1103Action on plan.
  4. 14-2-1104Merger with subsidiary.
  5. 14-2-1105Articles or certificate of merger or share exchange.
  6. 14-2-1105.1Publication of notice of merger or share exchange.
  7. 14-2-1106Effect of merger or share exchange.
  8. 14-2-1107Merger or share exchange with foreign corporation.
  9. 14-2-1108Merger or share exchange with corporations chartered by Secretary of State under other provisions.
  10. 14-2-1109Merger with other entities.
  11. 14-2-1109.1Conversion to limited liability company or limited partnership.
  12. 14-2-1109.2Election to become corporation.
  13. 14-2-1109.3Conversion to foreign limited liability company, foreign limited partnership, or foreign corporation; requirements.

Artículo 11. MERGER AND SHARE EXCHANGE · Parte 2. FAIR PRICE REQUIREMENTS

  1. 14-2-1110Definitions.
  2. 14-2-1111Additional business combination approval.
  3. 14-2-1112‘‘Interested shareholder’’ defined; exception to vote requirement of Code Section 14-2-1111.
  4. 14-2-1113Requirements inapplicable unless specifically in corporate bylaw; repeal of bylaw; applicability of Code Section 14-2-1111.

Artículo 11. MERGER AND SHARE EXCHANGE · Parte 3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS WITH INTERESTED STOCKHOLDERS

  1. 14-2-1131Definitions.
  2. 14-2-1132Business combinations with interested stockholders.
  3. 14-2-1133Inapplicability of requirements of this article unless specifically provided by corporate bylaw; repeal of bylaw; adoption of other provisions.

Artículo 12. SALE OF ASSETS

  1. 14-2-1201Sale and mortgage of assets not requiring shareholder approval.
  2. 14-2-1202Sale of assets requiring shareholder approval.

Artículo 13. DISSENTERS’ RIGHTS · Parte 1. RIGHT TO DISSENT AND OBTAIN PAYMENT FOR SHARES

  1. 14-2-1301Definitions.
  2. 14-2-1302Right to dissent.
  3. 14-2-1303Dissent by nominees and beneficial owners.

Artículo 13. DISSENTERS’ RIGHTS · Parte 2. PROCEDURE FOR EXERCISE OF DISSENTERS’ RIGHTS

  1. 14-2-1320Notice of dissenters’ rights.
  2. 14-2-1321Notice of intent to demand payment.
  3. 14-2-1322Dissenters’ notice.
  4. 14-2-1323Duty to demand payment.
  5. 14-2-1324Share restrictions.
  6. 14-2-1325Offer of payment.
  7. 14-2-1326Failure to take action.
  8. 14-2-1327Procedure if shareholder dissatisfied with payment or offer.

Artículo 13. DISSENTERS’ RIGHTS · Parte 3. JUDICIAL APPRAISAL OF SHARES

  1. 14-2-1330Court action.
  2. 14-2-1331Court costs and counsel fees.
  3. 14-2-1332Limitation of actions.

Artículo 14. DISSOLUTION · Parte 1. VOLUNTARY DISSOLUTION

  1. 14-2-1401Dissolution by incorporators or initial directors.
  2. 14-2-1402Dissolution by board of directors and shareholders.
  3. 14-2-1403Notice of intent to dissolve.
  4. 14-2-1403.1Publication of notice of intent to dissolve.
  5. 14-2-1404Revocation of dissolution proceedings.
  6. 14-2-1405Effect of notice of intent to dissolve.
  7. 14-2-1406Known claims against corporation in dissolution.
  8. 14-2-1407Unknown claims against corporation in dissolution.
  9. 14-2-1408Articles of dissolution.
  10. 14-2-1409Revival of corporation after dissolution by expiration of period of duration.
  11. 14-2-1410Preservation of remedies of dissolved corporations.

Artículo 14. DISSOLUTION · Parte 2. ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION

  1. 14-2-1420Grounds for administrative dissolution.
  2. 14-2-1421Procedure for and effect of administrative dissolution.
  3. 14-2-1422Reinstatement following administrative dissolution.
  4. 14-2-1423Appeal from denial of reinstatement.

Artículo 14. DISSOLUTION · Parte 3. JUDICIAL DISSOLUTION

  1. 14-2-1430Grounds for judicial dissolution.
  2. 14-2-1431Procedure for judicial dissolution.
  3. 14-2-1432Receivership or custodianship.
  4. 14-2-1433Decree of dissolution.

Artículo 14. DISSOLUTION · Parte 4. MISCELLANEOUS

  1. 14-2-1440Deposit of assets with Office of the State Treasurer.

Artículo 15. FOREIGN CORPORATIONS · Parte 1. CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY

  1. 14-2-1501Authority to transact business required.
  2. 14-2-1502Consequences of transacting business without authority.
  3. 14-2-1503Application for certificate of authority.
  4. 14-2-1504Amended certificate of authority; conversion of foreign corporation into foreign limited liability company or foreign limited partnership.
  5. 14-2-1505Effect of certificate of authority.
  6. 14-2-1506Corporate name of foreign corporation.
  7. 14-2-1507Registered office and registered agent of foreign corporation.
  8. 14-2-1508Change of registered office or registered agent of foreign corporation.
  9. 14-2-1509Resignation of registered agent of foreign corporation.
  10. 14-2-1510Service on foreign corporation.

Artículo 15. FOREIGN CORPORATIONS · Parte 2. WITHDRAWAL

  1. 14-2-1520Withdrawal of foreign corporation.

Artículo 15. FOREIGN CORPORATIONS · Parte 3. REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY

  1. 14-2-1530Grounds for revocation.
  2. 14-2-1531Procedure for and effect of revocation.
  3. 14-2-1532Appeal from revocation.

Artículo 15. FOREIGN CORPORATIONS · Parte 4. DOMESTICATION

  1. 14-2-1540Application of chapter to foreign corporations domesticated under prior law.

Artículo 16. RECORDS AND REPORTS · Parte 1. RECORDS

  1. 14-2-1601Corporate records.
  2. 14-2-1602Inspection of records by shareholders.
  3. 14-2-1603Scope of inspection right.
  4. 14-2-1604Court-ordered inspection.

Artículo 16. RECORDS AND REPORTS · Parte 2. REPORTS

  1. 14-2-1620Financial statements for shareholders.
  2. 14-2-1621Other reports to shareholders.
  3. 14-2-1622Annual registration for Secretary of State.

Artículo 17. TRANSITION PROVISIONS

  1. 14-2-1701Application of chapter.
  2. 14-2-1702Application to qualified foreign corporations.
  3. 14-2-1703Saving provisions.

Artículo 18. BENEFIT CORPORATIONS

  1. 14-2-1801Application.
  2. 14-2-1802Definitions.
  3. 14-2-1803Corporate name.
  4. 14-2-1804Requirements for stock certificates.
  5. 14-2-1805Shareholder approval for corporate action.
  6. 14-2-1806Role of board of directors.
  7. 14-2-1807Notice; performance reporting; optional additional requirements.